VI. EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS 113 (_a_) Hieroglyphic Writing 115 (_b_) Hieratic Writing 125 (_c_) Demotic Writing 127 VII. THE ROSETTA STONE 128 VIII. EGYPTIAN WRITING IN ITS RELATION TO OTHER SCRIPTS 134 IX. CRETAN AND ALLIED SCRIPTS 157 X. GREEK PAPYRI 198 The Diffusion of the "Phœnician" Alphabet-- (_a_) Aramean 207 (_b_) Sabean 212 (_c_) Hellenic 213 XI. RUNES AND OGAMS 223 INDEX 229 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS _Indian Petition to the United States Congress_ Frontispiece FIG. PAGE 1. _Magical Pictograph against Stings_ 18 2. _Magical Device against Skin Disease_ 20 3. _Aboriginal Rock Carvings (Australia)_ 27 3a. _Aboriginal Rock Paintings (Australia)_ 28 4. _Bushman Paintings_ 30 4a. _Bushman Paintings_ 31 4b. _Specimen of Bushmen Rock Sculptures_ 32 4c. _Engravings found on Rocks in Algeria_ 33 5. _Bushman Rain-Charm_ 34 6. _Semang Rain-Charm_ 35 6a. _Record of Expedition_ 35 6b. _Various Types of the Human Form_ 36 7. _Quipu, for Reckoning, &c._ 40 8. _Double Calumet Wampum_ 48 9. _Double Calumet Council Hearth_ 48 10. _Jesuit Missionary Wampum_ 49 11. _Four Nations' Alliance Wampum_ 49 11a. _Penn Wampum_ 50 12,13. _Indian Grave-posts_ 53 14. _Tomb-board of Indian Chief_ 54 15. _Hunter's Grave-post_ 55 16. _A Cadger's Map of a Begging District_ 57 17. _Ojibwa Love-letter_ 58 18. _Love-song_ 58 19. _Mnemonic Song of an Ojibwa Medicine-man_ 59 20. _Wâbeno destroying an Enemy_ 61 21. _Etching on Innuit Drill-bow_ 62 22. _Ojibwa Hunting Record_ 62 23. _Hidatsa Pictograph on a Buffalo Shoulder-blade_ 63 24.