Such expressions as 'new white at 48,' 'best selected at 92' ('futures fairly active' is a good example), though perfectly understood in the commercial circles where they are current, are as unintelligible to any one who is not familiar with the course of events in those circles, as an Indian record of a war-party would be to an ordinary Londoner." (_Early History of Mankind_, p. 86.) This applies with even greater force to the large group of symbolic mnemonics whose purpose is more restricted, whether it be as help to the singer in his verses, to the medicine-man in his incantation, to the hunter in his quest, or, as among ourselves, to the tramp on his rounds. The subjoined copy of a cadger's map (fig. 16), given in Hotten's _Slang Dictionary_ (1869), is an addition to the number of survivals which are found in so-called civilised communities, and has fit place among the examples of pictorial mnemonics in matters of 1, love; 2, sorcery; 3, the chase; 4, war; and 5, politics which follow it. 1. _Love._--Fig. 17 is a reduced copy of a love-letter, drawn upon birch bark (a material used elsewhere, as among the Yukaghirs of Siberia), which an Ojibwa girl sent to her sweetheart at White Earth, Minnesota. She was of the "Bear" totem, he of the "Mud Puppy" totem; hence the picture of these animals as representing the addresser and the addressee. The two lines from their respective camps meet and are continued to a point between two lakes, another trail branching off towards two tents. Here three girls, Catholic converts, as denoted by the three crosses, are encamped, the left-hand tent having an opening from which an arm protrudes with beckoning gesture. The arm is that of the writer of the letter, who is making the Indian sign of welcome to her lover. "This is done by holding the palm of the hand down and forward, and drawing the extended index finger towards the place occupied by the speaker, thus indicating the path upon the ground to be followed by the person called." [Illustration: Fig. 16.--A Cadger's Map of a Begging District _Explanation of the Hieroglyphics_ [Symbol] NO GOOD; too poor, and know too much. [Symbol] STOP. If you have what they want, they'll buy. They are pretty _fly_ (knowing). [Symbol] GO THIS WAY: better than the other road. Nothing that way. [Symbol] BONE (good). Safe for a "cold tatur." _Cheese your patter_ (don't talk much). [Symbol] COOPER'D (spoilt) by too many calling there. [Symbol] GAMMY (unfavourable); likely to have you taken up. Mind the dog. [Symbol] FLUMMUXED (dangerous); sure of a month in _quod_ (prison). [Symbol] RELIGIOUS, but tidy on the whole.] [Illustration: Fig. 17.--Ojibwa Love-letter] [Illustration: Fig. 18.--Love-song]