The Story of the American Merchant MarineSpears, John Randolph
History
The Story of the American Merchant Marine
Spears, John Randolph
Merchant marine -- United States
The total number of merchant ships that were used for privateers during
this war was 515, and the total number of prizes was 1345. The British
admiralty reported the capture of 1328 American merchantmen, of which 228
were privateers. The unrecorded disasters to privateers through storms
certainly brought the number of total losses of these vessels up to a
half of all that were commissioned. It is notable, too, that the number
of American merchantmen captured by the enemy was only thirteen less
than the number taken from the enemy, and it follows that the American
losses were greater, in this respect, than those of the British; for the
American ships were, on the average, worth much more than the British. On
the whole it appears that, if the predatory part of the War of 1812 had
any influence upon the result, the Americans were the greater losers.
Then, too, the losses of property were only one part of the injury
inflicted upon the country by this kind of war. A consideration of the
effect of the prevailing greed for a "subject of safe and uncontested
capture" is of special interest here because some of the owners of our
privateers, influenced solely by this greed, became pirates after the war
ended. The Spanish colonists in America had revolted, beginning in 1810.
The insurgent armies were scattered in small bands, here and there, in
the vast territory between Texas and the Rio de la Plata, and the leader
of every band was a law unto himself. But in every revolted province some
aggregation of patriots--some _junta_--was recognized by foreign powers as
enough of a government to be entitled to belligerent rights. When the War
of 1812 came to an end, the privateers that were loath to give up their
predatory career looked away to the Spanish main. The insurgent leaders
were competent to commission armed cruisers for war upon Spanish commerce,
and rich Spanish ships were afloat.
Some of the work done by American ships sailing under Spanish-American
commissions is memorable. Two that were owned in Baltimore brought to
Norfolk, in March, 1817, coin and cochineal valued at $290,000, and there
is reason to suppose that Captain James Chaytor, who was senior officer of
the two, and one of the best known of the men so engaged, brought to port
property worth half a million of dollars in the course of that year. One
of Chaytor's prizes was a galleon from the Philippines, and it was taken
within sight of Cadiz.
Captain Joseph Almeda, of Baltimore, was another noted commander of this
class of cruisers. In a vessel named the _Congress_ he blockaded the port
of Havana for weeks at a stretch, and took prizes almost within range of
the Morro.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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