The Story of the American Merchant MarineSpears, John Randolph
History
The Story of the American Merchant Marine
Spears, John Randolph
Merchant marine -- United States
A picturesque offshoot of the whaling fleet was the fleet of seal-hunters
that came into existence at the end of the eighteenth century. When
Captains Gamaliel Collins and David Smith, of Cape Cod, went to the
Falklands (1774) in search of whales, they found there thousands of seals,
both hair and fur, and sea-lions without end. The oil of these animals
being of good quality, the whalers carried some of it home, together
with the skins, which were found to serve well for covering trunks. The
fur-seals as well as the hair sealskins were used for this purpose. Soon
after the War of the Revolution a Mrs. Haley, of Boston, sent a large ship
to the Falklands especially for seals. The number taken was 13,000, and
the skins sold for fifty cents each in New York. This voyage, like that
of the _Columbia_ to the Northwest coast, shows well the extraordinary
enterprise of the ship-owners of the day.
In 1790 Elijah Austin, of New Haven, sent two vessels to the Falklands
for seals, and when they were filled, Captain Daniel Greene, who commanded
one of them, took his cargo direct to Canton for sale, because the skins
Mrs. Haley's ship had taken had been exported from New York to Canton with
profit.
The work of the brig _Betsey_, of Stonington, Connecticut, is perhaps the
most memorable of any of the ships that entered the early trade. Though
of but 100 tons' measurement, she made two voyages to the southern seal
islands, beginning in 1790, both of which were remarkably profitable--the
better voyage paid $52,300 net. The outfit, vessel included, probably cost
little more than a tenth of this sum.
The _Betsey's_ success naturally increased the number of vessels in the
hunt very rapidly. Mas-a-Fuera, Juan Fernandez, the South Shetlands,
the Prince Edward and Crozet islands, Desolation and Heard's islands,
all soon became as well known to the sealers as Long Island Sound was to
the coasters. Captain Henry Fanning, of the ship _Catharine_, obtained a
manuscript copy of the notes made by the original discoverer of Crozet's
Island, and with that as a guide went to the islands and obtained a full
cargo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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