THE FRENCH IN AFRICA. 1830-1881 301-310 French quarrel with Algiers, 301--Duperré's expedition, 302--Surrender of Algiers and departure of the last Dey, 302--Cruelties in French occupation of Algiers, 303--'Abd-el-Kādir leads the Arabs, 305--His victories and reverses, 306--His submission and exile, 306--Subsequent French policy in Algiers, 307--The invasion of Tunis, 307--Perfidy of the French Government, 308--A reign of terror, 309. INDEX. 311 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE ALGIERS, 1700 _Frontispiece_ GALLEON OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY 5 CARAVEL OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY 11 THE BARBARY PENINSULA 15 A MAP OF THE KINGDOMS OF BARBARY 17 TUNIS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 33 GALLEY OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 37 JĪJIL, 1664 41 ALGIERS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 47 OBSERVATION WITH THE CROSSBOW 55 AN ADMIRAL'S GALLEY 63 GALLEASSE 69 ANDREA DORIA 79 TUNIS, 1566 87 COMPASS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 99 OBSERVATION WITH THE ASTROLABE 104 GALLEY AT ANCHOR 107 SIEGE OF ALGIERS, 1541 115 CASTLE OF JERBA 125 SIEGE OF "AFRICA," 1390 129 GREEK FIRE 131 MEDIEVAL FIREARMS 132 MEDIEVAL PROJECTILES 132 SKETCH OF THE PORT OF MALTA IN 1565 152, 153 ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN A SPANISH GALLEON AND A DUTCH SHIP 165 ARABIC ASTROLABE (TWO POSITIONS) 170, 171 TUNIS IN 1573 183 SALĒ IN 1637 189 FIGHT OF THE "MARY ROSE" WITH ALGERINE PIRATES, 1669 197 GALLEY RUNNING BEFORE THE WIND 203 STAGES IN BUILDING A GALLEY 207 PLAN AND SECTIONS OF A GALLEY 209 HOLD OF A GALLEY 211 GALLEASSE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 227 ANCHOR 232 TORMENTS OF THE SLAVES 237 TORMENTS OF THE SLAVES 239 FATHERS OF THE REDEMPTION 249