Whether the statement that William, by a feigned retreat, drew the
Saxons from their entrenchments in pursuit and then turned on them with
success, is true or not, may be open to doubt. Harold’s tactics and his
method of entrenchment all point rather to passive than active defence.
His best armed and best equipped men were in the centre, round his
royal standard, armed with javelin, axe, and sword, and covered close
by the large Saxon shield; on his flanks were the less reliable and
poorly armed “ceorls,” who could not be trusted to meet the main brunt
of battle. It is quite possible, however, that these less disciplined
troops may have been decoyed into a pursuit which was counter attacked
by the cavalry, and thus the flank was turned, and with it the line of
obstacles along the front, whatever they might have been.
Be that as it may, it is most likely that the traditional termination
of the battle is in the main correct, and that William, by his “high
angle” fire of arrows, was able to “search” the ground behind the
stockade, and that the last Saxon king received his death-wound in the
eye from one of these missiles. It would have been better strategy on
his part to have fought a merely rearguard action at Hastings, and,
falling back, have both weakened his adversary by the guards he must
have left on the coast, and increased his own power of resistance
by the aid of the reinforcements that were coming up. So night went
down on the bloody field of Senlac, where Harold lay dead with fifteen
thousand Normans and “threescore thousand Englishmen,” though the
latter statement is, on the face of it, exaggeration. But the fight
had broken the Saxon power, and the Conqueror--as William of Poictiers
says--refused his royal brother burial, swearing “that he guarded
the coast while he was alive, let him thus continue to guard it
after death.” None the less, it is believed he was buried eventually
at Waltham, and William the duke passed on to cross the Thames at
Wallingford, seized London, and become William the king.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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