One noticeable thing relating to the Highland forces had occurred in
the early part of the period under consideration. Between 1793 and
1809, Scotland had willingly furnished some 70,000 men to fill the
ranks of her national section of the army. But North Britain was not
populous, and the supply of men, more than such a country could afford,
began to fail. There were then one cavalry and nineteen infantry
regiments serving with the colours and wearing the tartan; but already,
as too often occurs at the present time, there were many regiments
which perforce were recruited in England, and were only Scottish by
name and dress. Hence it was that six of these regiments, the 90th,
91st, 72nd, 74th, 75th, and 94th, were ordered to abandon the kilt, and
adopt the ordinary line uniform.
There had been many changes in the form of the sword. At first a broad
two-edged blade, a heavy, hacking weapon with a cross hilt, it was
designed to wound men in armour. Not that, apparently, they ran much
danger, for in many a battle few were killed. The wounds received in
action appear to have been chiefly contusions.[48] The mace or axe was
in armoured days probably more effective than the sword. As armour was
abandoned, and the mail gauntlet discarded, so the hilt became more
complex (as in the so-called modern “claymore” hilt), to guard the
naked, or merely gloved hand. The weapon itself was now made to thrust
as well as cut, and the lighter and thinner blade was stiffened and
strengthened (as in bayonets) with grooves. Finally, about the end
of the last century, and for long after, the merely thrusting rapier
was almost universal, save the hanger or cutlass used by bluejackets.
But fashions change, and the rapier blade widened out into the modern
cut-and-thrust sword, and the simple shell-like rapier guard again
spread out to cover hand and wrist. Swords were worn by the rank and
file of the British infantry battalions up to 1745, the grenadiers
carrying them seventeen years longer.
[Illustration: _Spears & Swords._
_Pike_
_BlkBill_
_Partisan_
_Lochaber Axe_
_Halberd Geo: II._
_Halberd Geo: III._
_Spontoon 1820_
_1350_
_1580_
_Scheavona 1600_
_Claymore 1700_
_Rapier 1800_
_Modern 1896_
]
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