But Mar was not the man to lead continuously a Highland host. Success
increased their fighting power--delay but weakened it; so that when
Argyll with some military wisdom at once took a simple defensive, Mar
feared to push the battle further, and his army fell back with the
prayer of at least one Scot, “Oh for one hour of Dundee!” The battle,
which is only noteworthy for the hard fighting of the Cameronians
against their fellow-countrymen, was theoretically “a draw,” but
the possession of the field and the spoil thereof rested with the
Hanoverian side. Soon the army of James began to melt away. The
Chevalier came to Scotland, but the affair of Preston in Lancashire
gave little encouragement for him to stay, and he returned to France.
The first attempt to restore James had signally failed, and while
Mar, attainted, died in exile at Aix la Chapelle, Lords Derwentwater
and Kenmure were beheaded, and the rest of the prisoners, from both
fields, were treated with the greatest barbarity. Still, this rather
inflamed than cowed the martial spirit of the north, for four years
later, the sentiment of revenge for cruelties unworthy even of the
days of the first Georges, led to reprisals. Spain had interested
herself in the Stuart cause, and treated the Chevalier as King of
Great Britain; while, oddly enough, France, being at war with Spain,
sided with King George. The Duke of Ormond headed the somewhat puerile
effort at invasion, which commenced with but 1500 Spaniards and Scots,
who, landing at Loch Alsh, encamped at Glenshiel; but these were to be
reinforced by a larger body under Ormond, which was, however, scattered
by a storm off Cape Finisterre. The isolated invaders received some
small reinforcement, including 400 Macgregors under Rob Roy, and took
up a strong position at the pass of Strachells. Against them marched
General Wightman once more, with some detachments of Dutch troops,
as well as companies of the 11th, 14th, and 15th line regiments; and
although the British force was repulsed, the Spaniards surrendered the
following day, and the Scots dispersed to their homes.
This second failure resulted in the departure of James from Madrid,
and the loss of Spanish help. But the two efforts had taught the
British Government a lesson. Two things were necessary to subdue these
turbulent Highlands, of whose inhabitants so little was known that
they were generally believed by many English people to be savages
and by some even cannibals. Roads were necessary to open the country
up to organised military movements, and the disarmament of the clans
was requisite to lessen the offensive power of their members. General
Wade, in 1724, was entrusted with this duty, and about this time
independent paid companies of Highlanders were formed, which, from the
sombre colour of their tartans, were called the “Black Watch,” and were
eventually formed into a regiment, numbered finally the 42nd.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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