IV.—EARLY BELGIAN EXPEDITIONS 31 V.—THE WATERWAYS OF THE CONGO 42 VI.—THE STATE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 64 VII.—HORRORS OF THE ARAB SLAVE TRADE 83 VIII.—THE BERLIN CONFERENCE 92 IX.—THE ECONOMIC RÉGIME OF THE BERLIN ACT 104 X.—AN APPEAL TO BELGIUM TO SUPPRESS THE SLAVE TRADE 126 XI.—THE SECOND BRUSSELS CONFERENCE 134 XII.—THE CONGO BEQUEATHED TO BELGIUM 145 XIII.—TRIBES OF THE CONGO STATE 151 XIV.—THE CONGO PUBLIC FORCE 164 XV.—BELGIAN CAMPAIGNS AGAINST THE ARABS 177 XVI.—BELGIAN CAMPAIGNS AGAINST THE ARABS—(_Concluded_) 189 XVII.—THE SUPPRESSION OF SLAVERY 197 XVIII.—FRONTIERS AND DIPLOMATIC SETTLEMENTS 206 XIX.—THE BAHR-EL-GHAZAL AND THE NILE 211 XX.—MUTINIES OF THE BATETELA TRIBE 216 XXI.—DISPLACEMENT OF THE POPULATION 223 XXII.—THE STATE’S ADMINISTRATION: 228 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 231 NATIVE CHIEFTAINCIES 239 XXIII.—THE POSTAL, TELEGRAPH, AND TELEPHONE SERVICE 243 XXIV.—NAVIGATION, RAILWAYS, ROADS 248 XXV.—SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE, CIVILISING MEASURES 264 XXVI.—TRADE, REVENUE, AND TAXES 274 XXVII.—MISSIONS AND SCHOOLS 298 XXVIII.—STATE LANDS AND CONCESSIONS 308 XXIX.—THE NEMESIS OF LIBEL 340 XXX.—THE CONGO CAMPAIGN IN ENGLAND 366 XXXI.—THE CONGO CAMPAIGN IN AMERICA 385 XXXII.—TESTIMONY OF TRAVELLERS AND THINKERS 397 XXXIII.—TESTIMONY OF TRAVELLERS AND THINKERS—(_Continued_) 411 XXXIV.—TESTIMONY OF TRAVELLERS AND THINKERS—(_Continued_) 418 XXXV.—TESTIMONY OF TRAVELLERS AND THINKERS—(_Concluded_) 424 XXXVI.—THE ATTITUDE OF EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES 446 XXXVII.—SUMMARY, RETROSPECT, AND PROPHECY 472 APPENDIX The Treaty of Vivi, 13th June, 1880 487 The Treaty of Manyanga, 12th August, 1882 488 The Treaty of Leopoldville, 29th April, 1883 489