VI. Italy 188 VII. Belgium 197 VIII. Japan 200 IX. The Neutral States--Portugal and Spain 203 X. Sweden, Norway, Holland, Luxemburg 208 XI. Summary of Political History 212 PART II.--THE BALKANS XII. The Balkan Peoples 215 XIII. Bulgaria 224 XIV. War with Serbia 230 XV. Work of Stambuloff 234 XVI. Attempts at Reform in Macedonia 238 XVII. Crisis in Turkey 244 XVIII. Formation of the Balkan League 248 XIX. First and Second Balkan Wars 252 PART III.--DIRECT CAUSES OF THE WAR XX. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand--Austria's Ultimatum 258 XXI. Serbia's Reply 265 XXII. Diplomatic Exchanges 270 XXIII. Preparation for War 279 XXIV. Territorial and Geographical Comparisons 286 XXV. Assembling of the German Armies 292 XXVI. French Mobilization 297 XXVII. Britain--Russia--Austria 304 PART IV.--DIPLOMATIC PAPERS RELATING TO THE ORIGIN OF THE WAR, COLLATED FROM THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS List of Official Documents 313 List of Sovereigns and Diplomats 315 Important Dates Preceding the War 325 Warnings of Hostile Intentions 328 Report of M. Cambon in 1913 335 The Assassination of the Austrian Archduke 341 Attempts at Mediation 356 The Austro-hungarian Note to Serbia 362 Text of the Note 366 Controversy Over Time Limit 369 Chronological Arrangement of Dates 370 Serbia's Reply to the Austro-Hungarian Note 394 Beginning of Mobilization 401 Kaiser and Czar Exchange Telegrams 438 Henry of Prussia and George V 451 Sir Edward Grey Refuses Terms of Neutrality 455 Further Exchanges Between William and Nicholas 461