XXXIX. Italian Movements in Albania--Conquest of Montenegro 327 XL. Conditions in Serbia, Greece, and Rumania 339 PART VII.--THE DARDANELLES AND RUSSO-TURKISH CAMPAIGN XLI. Conditions in Gallipoli--Attack at Suvla Bay 344 PART VIII.--AGGRESSIVE TURKISH CAMPAIGN AT DARDANELLES XLII. Sari Bair--Partial Withdrawal of Allies 353 XLIII. Aggressive Turkish Movements--Opinion in England--Change in Command 357 XLIV. Abandonment of Dardanelles--Armenian Atrocities 369 XLV. Campaign in Caucasus--Fall of Erzerum 380 PART IX.--ITALY IN THE WAR XLVI. Review OF Preceding Operations--Italian Movements 393 XLVII. Italy's Relations to the Other Warring Nations 399 XLVIII. Problems of Strategy 404 XLIX. Move Against Germany 410 L. Renewed Attacks--Italy's Situation At the Beginning of March, 1916 413 PART X.--CAMPAIGN IN MESOPOTAMIA LI. Operations Against Bagdad and Around the Tigris 419 LII. Advance Toward Bagdad--Battle of Kut-el-Amara 426 LIII. Battle of Ctesiphon 437 LIV. Stand at Kut-el-Amara--Attempts at Relief 444 PART XI.--THE WAR IN THE AIR LV. Development of the Strategy and Tactics of Air Fighting 454 LVI. Zeppelin Raids--Attacks on German Arms Factories--German Over-Sea Raids 459 LVII. Attacks on London--Bombardment of Italian Ports--Aeroplane as Commerce Destroyer 466 LVIII. Air Fighting on all Fronts--Losses 473 PART XII.--THE UNITED STATES AND THE BELLIGERENTS LIX. Sinking of the Arabic--Another Crisis--Germany's Defense and Concessions 480 LX. Issue with Austria-Hungary Over the Ancona--Surrender to American Demands 490 LXI. The Lusitania Deadlock--Agreement Blocked by Armed Merchantmen Issue--Crisis in Congress 496 LXII. Developments of Pro-German Propaganda--Munitions Crusade Defended--New Aspects of American Policy 505 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Kaiser Wilhelm Inspecting His Troops _Frontispiece_ Opposite Page Zigzag Trenches in the Champagne 62 German Infantry Storming a Hill 94 General Joffre and General Petain 142