Mountains, as barriers between nations, 26. as reservoirs of water, 43. human wants supplied by, 58. influence of, on climate, 62. causing movements in the atmosphere, 65. as backbones of continents, 67. floras of, 103-124. forms of, how determined, 282. general features of, 177, 283. structure of, how determined, 308. elevation of, 174, 313. formed by huge dislocations, 313. Ruskin on uses of, 68. " on a scene on the Jura, 300. " on flowers of, 107. Mud-flows from volcanoes, 259. "Needles," the, of Colorado, 221. Neptunists and Plutonists, 160. New England, elevation of, 192. New Zealand, elevation of, 190. Nummulites, 331. Old Red Sandstone, 150, 324. Olive region, the, 107. Organically formed rocks, 157. Ornamentation of mountains, 147. Oxygen, in air, 209. Palæozoic Era, 324. Permian rocks, 324. Pleistocene rocks, 324. Pliocene, 324. Plutonists, 160. Pompeii, buried up, 254. Precious stones in mountains, 277. Primary Era, 324. Pulsations of the earth. (See Milne.) Quinag, 297. Rabbit, the, in Alps, 128. Raised beaches, 185. Raven, the, in Alps, 136. Red clay, of Atlantic Ocean, 252. Reptiles, Age of, 323. Righi Mountain, fall of rock from, 99. Rivers, transporting power of, 161-168. Roches Moutonnées, 227. "Rocking Stones," 292. Ross and Sutherland, mountains of, 315. Rossberg, the, fall of rock from, 99-101. Ruskin, on effect of tourists in Switzerland, 21. on effects of scenery on mythology, 22. on uses of mountains, 50. on formation of soil, 55. on lichens and mosses, 119. on the Alps, 289. on a scene in the Jura Mountains, 300. Santorin, island of, 257. Scandinavia, elevation of, 180. Scenery, influence of rocks on, 219. Schists. (See Mica-schist.) Scotland, former volcanic action in, 275. Sea-beaches, 183. Sea-level, constancy of, 179. Secondary Era, 324. Serapis, Temple of, 187. Silurian Period, 324. volcanic rocks of, 272. Shearing of rocks in mountains, 316. Skaptar Jökull, lava-flow from, 255, 260. Smith, William, 323. Snake River Plain, 258. Snow, lambent glow of, 77. Snowdon, volcanic rocks of, 272. denudation of, 239. Spectre of the Brocken, the, 78. Stability of the earth, 174, 314. Stanley, Dean, on capture of Canaan, 32. Stone Age, 31. Storms on mountains, 81. Stratified rocks, table of, 324. how formed, 148, 176. Striæ, glacial, 227. Submerged forests, 192. Suilven Mountain, 297. Sunsets, 71. Sutherland, West, mountains of, 296. Taurentum, destroyed by downfall of rocks, 97. Thames, solid matter transported by, 168. Thunder-storms, in Alps, 86.