CHAPTER PAGE I. MOUNTAINS AND MEN 3 II. THE USES OF MOUNTAINS 33 III. SUNSHINE AND STORM ON THE MOUNTAINS 70 IV. MOUNTAIN PLANTS AND ANIMALS 103 Part II. CHAPTER PAGE HOW THE MOUNTAINS WERE MADE. V. HOW THE MATERIALS WERE BROUGHT TOGETHER 139 VI. HOW THE MOUNTAINS WERE UPHEAVED 174 VII. HOW THE MOUNTAINS WERE CARVED OUT 205 VIII. VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS 242 IX. MOUNTAIN ARCHITECTURE 282 X. THE AGES OF MOUNTAINS AND OTHER QUESTIONS 318 ILLUSTRATIONS. NORHAM CASTLE. After Turner _Frontispiece_ BEN LOMOND. From a Photograph by J. Valentine 16 CLOUDS ON BEN NEVIS 38 SNOW ON THE HIGH ALPS. From a Photograph by Mr. Donkin 64 A STORM ON THE LAKE OF THUN. After Turner 86 THE MATTERHORN. From a Photograph by Mr. Donkin 98 ON A GLACIER. 116 RED DEER. After Ansdell 133 CHALK ROCKS, FLAMBOROUGH HEAD. From a Photograph by G. W. Wilson 152 MICROPHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING ROCK FORMATION 172 THE SKAEGGEDALSFORS, NORWAY. From a Photograph by J. Valentine 192 THE MER DE GLACE AND MONT BUET. From a Photograph by Mr. Donkin 229 THE ERUPTION OF VESUVIUS IN 1872. From an Instantaneous Photograph 250 COLUMNAR BASALT AT CLAMSHELL CAVE, STAFFA. From a Photograph by J. Valentine 280 MONT BLANC, SNOWFIELDS, GLACIERS, AND STREAMS. 312 MOUNTAIN IN THE YOSEMITE VALLEY. 336 ILLUSTRATIONS II. Fig. 1. SECTION ACROSS THE WEALD OF KENT AND SURREY. 237 Fig. 2. THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND ON A TRUE SCALE (after Geikie.) 237 Fig. 1. THE RANGES OF THE GREAT BASIN, WESTERN STATES OF NORTH AMERICA, SHOWING A SERIES OF GREAT FRACTURES AND TILTED MASSES OF ROCK. 272 Fig. 2. SECTION THROUGH SNOWDON. 272 SECTIONS OF MOUNTAIN-RANGES, SHOWING THEIR STRUCTURE AND THE AMOUNT OF ROCK WORN AWAY 306 PART I. THE MOUNTAINS AS THEY ARE. THE STORY OF THE HILLS. Part I. THE MOUNTAINS AS THEY ARE. CHAPTER I. MOUNTAINS AND MEN. "Happy, I said, whose home is here; Fair fortunes to the Mountaineer."