IV. THE HAND-CART TRAGEDY: Young's Scheme for Economy--His Responsibility for the Hand-cart Experiment--Details of the Arrangement--Delays at Iowa City--Unheeded Warnings--Privations by the Way--Early Lack of Provisions--Suffering caused by Insufficient Clothing--Deaths of the Old and Infirm--Horrors of the Camps in the Mountains--Frozen Corpses found at Daybreak--Sufferings of a Party at Devil's Gate--Young's Attempt to shift the Responsibility V. EARLY POLITICAL HISTORY: The Aim at Independence--First Local Government--Adoption of a Constitution for the State of Deseret--Babbitt's Application for Admission as a Delegate--Memorial opposing his Claim--His Rejection--The Territorial Government VI. BRIGHAM YOUNG'S DESPOTISM: Causes that contributed to its Success--Helplessness of the New-comers from Europe--Influence of Superstition--Young's Treatment of the Gladdenites--His Appropriation of Property Laws passed by the Mormon Legislature--Bishops as Ward Magistrates--A Mormon Currency and Alphabet--What Emigrants to California learned about Mormon Justice VII. THE "REFORMATION": Young's Disclosures about the Character of his Flock--The Stealing from One Another--The Threat about "Laying Judgment to the Line"--Plain Declarations about the taking of Human Lives--First Steps of the "Reformation"--An Inquisition and Catechism--An Embarrassing Confession--Warning to those who would leave the Valley VIII. SOME CHURCH-INSPIRED MURDERS: The Story of the Parrishes--Carrying out of a Cold-blooded Plot--Judge Cradlebaugh's Effort to convict the Murderers--The Tragedy of the Aikin Party--The Story of Frederick Loba's Escape IX. BLOOD ATONEMENT: Early Intimations concerning it--Jedediah M. Grant's Explanation of Human Sacrifices--Brigham Young's Definition of "Laying Judgment to the Line"--Two of the Sacrifices described--"The Affair at San Pete" X. TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENT: Brigham Young the First Governor--Colonel Kane's Part in his Appointment--Kane's False Statements to President Fillmore--Welcome to the Non-Mormon Officers--Their Early Information about Young's Influence--Pioneer Anniversary Speeches--Judge Brocchus's Offence to the Mormons--Young's Threatening and Abusive Reply--The Judge's Alarm about his Personal Safety--Return of the Non-Mormon Federal Officers to Washington--Young's Defence XI. MORMON TREATMENT OF FEDERAL OFFICERS: A Territorial Election Law--Why Colonel Steptoe declined the Governorship--Young's Assertion of his Authority--His Reappointment--Two Bad Judicial Appointments--Judge Stiles's Trouble about the Marshals--Burning of his Books and Papers--How Judge Drummond's Attempt at Independence was foiled--The Mormon View of Land Titles--Hostile Attitude toward the Government Surveyors--Reports of the Indian Agents