[Illustration: _One of the first important improvements made by America in passenger cars was the introduction of the "bogie," or truck; the short curves of the American roads compelling the abandonment of the English type of four-wheeled car with rigid axles. The illustration shows a "bogie" car used on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1835._] The first passenger service to be put in regular operation in America must be credited to the Charleston & Hamburg Railroad in the late fall of 1830. The following year construction was begun on the Boston & Lowell Railroad, and in the same year a passenger train, previously mentioned, was put in service between Albany and Schenectady on the new Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. The journal of Samuel Breck of Boston, affords an interesting glimpse of the conditions of contemporary railroad travel: _July 22, 1835._ This morning at nine o'clock I took passage on a railroad car (from Boston) for Providence. Five or six other cars were attached to the locomotive, and uglier boxes I do not wish to travel in. They were made to stow away some thirty human beings, who sit cheek by jowl as best they can. Two poor fellows who were not much in the habit of making their toilet, squeezed me into a corner, while the hot sun drew from their garments a villainous compound of smells made up of salt fish, tar, and molasses. By and by just twelve--only twelve--bouncing factory girls were introduced, who were going on a party of pleasure to Newport. "Make room for the ladies!" bawled out the superintendent. "Come gentlemen, jump up on top; plenty of room there!" "I'm afraid of the bridge knocking my brains out," said a passenger. Some made one excuse, and some another. For my part, I flatly told him that since I had belonged to the corps of Silver Grays I had lost my gallantry and did not intend to move. The whole twelve were, however, introduced, and soon made themselves at home, sucking lemons, and eating green apples.... The rich and the poor, the educated and the ignorant, the polite and the vulgar, all herd together in this modern improvement in traveling ... and all this for the sake of doing very uncomfortably in two days what would be done delightfully in eight or ten. [Illustration: _Cars and locomotive in use on the Camden & Amboy Railroad in 1845. The cars were heated by wood stoves, the glass sash was stationary, and ventilation was possible only from a wooden-panelled window which could be raised a few inches._]