The story of the sun, moon, and starsGiberne, Agnes
Science
The story of the sun, moon, and stars
Giberne, Agnes
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
This table presents the most trustworthy data which we have yet
obtained with reference to stellar distances. As a great number of
attempts have been made on stars which, by their brightness or by the
magnitude of their proper motion, would appear to be the nearest to us,
we may believe that the star now considered as the nearest is really
so, and that there is no other less distant. Thus our sun, a star
in the immensity, is isolated in infinitude, and _the nearest_ sun
reigns at twenty-five trillions of miles from our terrestrial abode.
Notwithstanding its unimaginable velocity of 186,400 miles a second,
light moves, flies, during four years and one hundred and twenty-eight
days to come from this sun to us. Sound would take more than three
millions of years to cross the same abyss. At the constant velocity of
thirty-seven miles an hour, _an express train starting from the sun
Alpha Centauri would not arrive here till after an uninterrupted course
of nearly seventy-five millions of years_.
Here, then, are the nearest suns to us. These stars, twenty-three
in number, are almost the only ones which have shown a perceptible
parallax; still the result is very doubtful for the last four, of which
the parallax is less than a tenth of a second. Attempts have been made
to ascertain the parallax of all the stars of the first magnitude,
and the result has been negative for those which are not entered in
this list. Canopus, Rigel, Betelgeuse, Achernar, Alpha of the Cross,
Antares, Spica, and Fomalhaut, do not show a perceptible parallax. The
fine star Alpha Cygni, which shines near 61 Cygni, does not present to
the most accurate researches any trace of fluctuation: it is, then,
incomparably more distant than its modest neighbor--at least five
times, and perhaps twenty times, fifty times, one hundred times beyond
that. What must be the colossal size and amazing light of these suns,
of which the distance is greater than three hundred to four hundred
trillions of miles, and which nevertheless still shine with so splendid
a brightness!
We did not know the distance of any stars till the year 1840. This
shows how recent this discovery is; indeed, we have hardly now begun
to form an approximate idea of the real distances which separate the
stars from each other. The parallax of 61 Cygni, the first which was
known, was determined by Bessel, and resulted from observations made at
Königsberg from 1837 to 1840. Since then, the first figure obtained has
been corrected by a series of more recent observations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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