The story of the UkraineManning, Clarence Augustus
History
The story of the Ukraine
Manning, Clarence Augustus
Kievan Rus -- History; Ukraine -- History
Such a reform was naturally successful in reviving the national
consciousness of the Ukrainians but it could not check the tendency
of many of the more progressive and prominent families to send their
children to the more fashionable Polish schools and thus the leakage of
part of the educated class continued with little abatement. Its success
would have been far greater, had the Patriarch of Constantinople
been able to send a considerable number of scholars to assist in the
organization of the new Greek-Slavonic schools, but unfortunately there
was not the available personnel.
A few outstanding men appeared for a short time. Thus Cyril Loukaris,
who was later to be the celebrated Patriarch of Constantinople, taught
at Ostrih and Wilno for a few years and he was perhaps the most
prominent of the teachers to arrive. Yet even his short stay shows the
desperate straits to which Constantinople was reduced at the time,
when it seemed as if Greek learning itself might vanish as had the old
splendor of Kievan culture.
It is only fair, however, to say that the Polish schools were
themselves none too efficient. The ideas of Protestantism had spread
widely throughout Poland during this period and at one time a
considerable proportion of the great magnates were at least sympathetic
to it. The movement was checked by the work of the Order of the
Jesuits and especially by its greatest member, Peter Skarga, probably
the keenest mind of the day in Poland. He worked vigorously as a
propagandist for the unity of the Churches and also as a founder and
administrator of the various schools. The curriculum in these, while
broader than the average Greek schools, was still not satisfactory from
the European standpoint of the day. They were heavily laden with a late
form of scholasticism and this in turn exerted a certain influence upon
the Orthodox schools which had to prepare their students to live in the
Polish atmosphere.
The first of the great Ukrainian schools was that of Ostrih. Here
Prince Konstantin Ostrozky, one of the richest nobles who still adhered
to the Orthodox faith, set up a school. He invited Greeks to serve on
its staff. He bought a printing press. Through his friendship with
Prince Andrey Kurbsky, who fled from Moscow, he was fully acquainted
with the work that had been done at Novgorod a half century earlier
by Archbishop Gennady at the time of the heresy of the Judaizers.
Prince Ostrozky’s powerful position enabled him to secure a copy of
the Bible prepared by Gennady, parts of which had been translated from
the Latin Vulgate. This Bible was again revised at Ostrih and was
published in 1580 as the Ostrih Bible, the first Bible published in
any East Slavonic land. The school flourished for about twenty years
until the death of Konstantin. His sons accepted the Roman Catholic
faith and very soon lost all interest in the work that their father had
undertaken, with bad results to the school.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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