The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The most remarkable object of this class visible in the Northern
Hemisphere is that known as 13 Messier. It lies between the tolerably
bright stars Zeta and Eta Herculis, nearer the latter star. It may be
seen with an opera-glass as a hazy-looking star of about the sixth
magnitude, with a star on each side of it. Examined with a powerful
telescope, it is resolved into numerous small stars. Sir William
Herschel estimated them at 14,000, but the real number is probably
much less. Assuming the average magnitude of the components at twelve
and a half, I find that an aggregation of 14,000 stars of this
brightness would shine as a star of about the second magnitude, or a
little fainter.
Another object of the globular class, but less resolvable, is that
known as 92 Messier, which lies between the stars Eta and Iota in
Hercules, nearer the latter. Sir William Herschel’s telescopes showed
it as seven or eight minutes of arc in diameter. It is considerably
brighter at the centre. The larger components are easily visible in
moderate-sized telescopes, but even Lord Rosse’s giant instrument
failed to resolve the central blaze. There is no doubt, however,
that it consists wholly of small stars, as the unerring eye of
the spectroscope shows a stellar spectrum, similar to that of the
neighboring 13 Messier.
[Illustration: Fig. 17.—The Region of Boötes and Hercules]
Another fine example of the globular class is 5 Messier, which lies
closely north, preceding the fifth magnitude star, 5 Serpentis. It is
considerably compressed at the centre. Sir William Herschel counted
200 stars, but failed to resolve the central nebulosity. Messier, its
discoverer, found it visible with a telescope only one foot long.
Another fine object is 3 Messier, in Boötes. Admiral Smyth describes
it as “a brilliant and beautiful globular aggregation of not less
than 1,000 small stars.” It is beyond the power of small telescopes,
but it was resolved by Buffham, even in the centre, with a 9-inch
reflector.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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