The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Numerous fine examples of the globular class are found in the
Southern Hemisphere, which indeed seems to be richer in these
marvelous objects than the northern sky. Of these the most
interesting are those known as Omega Centauri and 47 Toucani. Omega
Centauri, from its great apparent size—about two-thirds of the
moon’s diameter—and its visibility to the naked eye, may perhaps be
considered as the most remarkable object of its kind in the heavens.
It shines as a hazy star of the fourth magnitude, and I have often
so seen it in the Punjab sky. Its large size and globular form are
clearly visible in a binocular field-glass, but, of course, its
component stars are far beyond the reach of such an instrument. Sir
John Herschel, observing it with his large telescope at the Cape of
Good Hope, found it a “truly astonishing object. All clearly resolved
into stars of two magnitudes, viz., thirteen and fifteen, the larger
lying in lines and ridges over the smaller;... the larger form rings
like lace-work on it.” If we take the average magnitude of the
components at thirteen and a half, the apparent brightness of the
cluster would imply that it contains about 15,000 stars.
[Illustration: The Great Nebula in the Constellation Cygnus]
The other wonderful cluster is that known as 47 Toucani, which lies
close to the smaller Magellanic Cloud. It is smaller in apparent
size than Omega Centauri, but Dr. Gould, observing it at Cordoba,
speaks of it as “one of the most impressive and perhaps the grandest
of its kind in either hemisphere,” and he estimates its magnitude at
four and a half, as seen with the naked eye. It is thus described by
Sir John Herschel: “A most magnificent globular cluster. It fills
the field with its outskirts, but within its more compressed part I
can insulate a tolerably defined, circular space, of 90″ diameter,
wherein the compression is much more decided, and the stars seem to
run together, and this part, I think, has a pale pinkish or rose
color, which contrasts, evidently, with the white light of the rest.
The stars are equal, fourteen magnitude, immensely numerous and
compressed.... Condensation in three distinct stages.... A stupendous
object.” Sir John Herschel’s drawing of this cluster reminds one of a
swarm of bees, and perhaps suggested to Tennyson the lines:
“Clusters and beds of worlds, and bee-like swarms
Of suns and starry streams.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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