The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies — John Shaqi
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Here, then, is an immense group, a gigantic assemblage of worlds,
which seems to embrace all the universe, if it be true that the
greater number of the scattered stars situated out of the Milky Way
nevertheless form part of it. In reality, this multitude of millions
of suns is divided into numerous and distinct groups, and those into
others still more restricted in number, each composed of two or three
suns.
What breadth of space does each of these groups occupy? What is
the measure of the space which holds them all? The most powerful
imagination in vain attempts to answer these questions intelligibly;
here numbers fail us.
Let us add—a fact well proved, and one which will seem strange to
many—
Our sun himself is a star of the Milky Way.
In examining attentively every part of the starry vault, a keen eye
perceives here and there whitish spots resembling little clouds. One
would say they were so many patches detached from the Milky Way, from
which, however, they are often very distinct and very distant. The
telescope discovers by thousands those cloud-patches, these—to give
them their astronomical name—_Nebulæ_.
It was formerly imagined that each of these star-clouds was nothing
more than an accumulation of stars, very close together, and very
numerous—so many Milky Ways lying outside our own, and for the most
part so distant that the most powerful instruments were able only
to distinguish a confused glimmering. One of the most important
observations of modern times, however, has shown that many of
these nebulæ, including the most glorious one in our northern
hemisphere—that in the sword-handle of Orion—are but masses of
glowing gases.
Others, again, of these cloud-like masses—cloud-like by reason of
their distance—show us, faintly shining on a background of apparent
nebulæ, brilliant stars, larger no doubt, or more brilliant, than
their fellows, and some of these objects called “Star-Clusters,”
which are nearest to us, are among the most glorious objects revealed
to us by our telescopes.
Let us attempt now to conceive what fearful distances separate these
archipelagoes of worlds from our own!
Unfathomable abysses whose unspeakable depths the most powerful
telescopes increase indefinitely! Profound, endless, bottomless, but
lighted up by millions of suns!
Such appears to us the universe from the natural observatory where we
are placed. But to obtain a more complete idea of its constitution,
of the infinite variety of its members, we must descend from those
regions, where the sight and mind are lost, to a group, nearer to
us, and therefore more accessible to the investigations of man—to
that group, or system, of which the earth forms part.
Of this the sun is the centre.
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