The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Now, though the appearance of an aurora is due to some special
terrestrial action (however excited), yet the material substances
between which the discharges take place must be assumed to be at all
times present in the upper regions of air. In all probability, they
are the particles of those meteors which the earth is continually
encountering. And since we know that meteor-systems must be
aggregated in far greater numbers near the sun than near the earth,
we may regard the coronal light as due to electrical discharges
excited by the sun’s action, and taking place between the members of
such systems. Besides this light, however, there must necessarily be
a large proportion of light reflected from these meteoric bodies.
In this way the peculiar character of the coronal spectrum may be
readily accounted for. We know, from the auroral spectrum, that the
principal bright lines due to the electrical discharges would be
precisely where we see bright lines in the coronal spectrum. But,
besides these, there would be fainter bright lines corresponding
to the various elements which exist in the meteoric masses. These
elements, we know, are the same as those in the substance of the sun.
Thus the bright lines would correspond in position with the dark
lines of the solar spectrum. Hence, as light reflected by the meteors
would give the ordinary solar spectrum, there would result from the
combination a continuous spectrum, on which the bright lines first
mentioned would be seen, as during the American eclipse.
What the polariscope has told us respecting the corona is in
accordance with this view.
In the same way the quality of the Zodiacal Light admits of being
perfectly accounted for, without resorting to the hypothesis that
this phenomenon is a terrestrial one.
The explanation thus put forward has at least the advantage of being
founded on well-established relations. We know that the auroral light
is associated with the earth’s magnetism, and that meteoric bodies
are continually falling upon the earth’s atmosphere. We know, also,
that the sun exerts magnetic influences a thousand-fold more intense
than those of the earth, and that in his neighborhood there must be
many million times more meteoric systems.
But we have other and independent reasons, which must not be
overlooked, for considering the corona to be of some such nature as I
have suggested. Leverrier has shown that there probably exists in the
neighborhood of the sun a family of bodies whose united mass suffices
appreciably to affect the motions of the planet Mercury. It would not
be safe to neglect considerations thus vouched for.
Mr. Baxendell also has shown that certain periodic variations in the
earth’s magnetism point to the existence of such a family of bodies;
and he has been able to assign to them a position according well with
that determined by Leverrier.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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