The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
In the evenings, about the time of the vernal equinox—in March and
April, when in our climate the twilight is of short duration—if we
examine the horizon toward the west, a little after sunset, we may
perceive a faint light that rises in the form of a cone among the
starry constellations.
This is what astronomers call the Zodiacal Light. Those unfamiliar
with it, or little accustomed to the ordinary aspect of the sky,
might confuse the glimmering either with the Milky Way or with
the ordinary twilight, or even with an aurora. But, with a little
attention, it is impossible to mistake it.
The triangular form of this luminous cone, its elevation and its
inclined position to the horizon, make it a thing apart, and one
eminently deserving particular mention.
As the days lengthen, and with them the duration of twilight, the
Zodiacal Light disappears; it becomes invisible, at least in our
climate. But it may again be seen in the morning, in the east, about
the time of the autumnal equinox, in September and October, when
the dawn has an equally short duration—again, however, to disappear
during the period of long nights and long twilights.
It is needless to add that the sky must be clear and the night
moonless for observations of the Zodiacal Light to be possible.
Among the explanations that have been given, the most probable one
is that which likens the Zodiacal Light to a flattened nebulous ring
surrounding the sun at some distance. It is to be remarked that the
direction of the axis of the cone, or of the pyramid, prolonged
below the horizon, always passes through the sun.
It was believed at first that this direction precisely coincided with
the solar equator; but it seems more certain that it coincides with
the plane of the earth’s orbit, or the ecliptic.
Now, what is the nature of this luminous mass? Must it be considered
as a zone of vapors thrown off by the sun, when in the process of
consolidation, when our central star passed from a nebulous state to
that of a condensed fluid sphere? This was the opinion of Laplace.
Another hypothesis, also connected with the first, is that the
Zodiacal Light is formed of myriads of solid particles, analogous
to the aerolites, possessing a general movement, but traveling
separately around the focus of our solar world. The light of the
ring would be thus produced by the accumulation of this multitude of
brilliant points, reflecting toward us the light borrowed by each of
them from the sun.
This explanation accounts for the intensity of the Zodiacal Light at
different epochs; it would suffice to admit that the condensation of
the particles or the density of the ring is not the same throughout
its extent, and that its movement of circulation round the sun
presents successively different parts to the earth. In this case, it
becomes a question whether this lenticular ring of matter is distinct
from the zone of aerolites.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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