The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
History
The story of the universe. Volume 1 (of 4) : $b The starry skies
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Lastly, some astronomers regard the Zodiacal Light as a vaporous ring
which belongs to the earth, surrounding it at some distance. But
this is an opinion which appears somewhat wild, and is utterly at
variance with observation.
Are the stars that are visible to the naked eye spread orderless on
the celestial vault? or is there not between those apparently most
closely connected some real or physical connection which requires us
to rank them in natural groups?
These questions have been already partly solved by what is known of
the double and multiple star systems. Soon, exploring the regions of
the sky visible by means of the telescope, we shall have to pass in
review a multitude of stellar associations, in which suns are found
so compact and so numerous, and the form of the groups so regular,
that it is impossible to deny their reciprocal dependence.
But long before the discovery of these islands, these archipelagos
as worlds, scattered with such astonishing profusion over the
infinite, the naked eye had already distinguished a certain number of
groups, the stars composing which were so near together that it was
impossible to doubt their physical connection.
Such, for example, is the group of the Pleiades. Such, again, are
the groups known under the names of the Hyades, of Præsepe, and of
Berenice’s Hair. All are visible to the naked eye, and good eyes
distinguish without difficulty the principal stars of the first-named
groups. The Pleiades are situated in the constellation of the Bull,
which we can distinguish so easily to the northwest of Orion and
Aldebaran.
Of about eighty stars which form the group of the Pleiades, six are
visible without the help of telescopes. Formerly, the Latin poet
tells us, seven were counted, which may be held to prove that one
of them is variable, and has diminished in brightness, or else has
disappeared.
The most brilliant, Alcyone, is of the third magnitude; Electra and
Atlas are of the fourth; Merope, Maïa, and Taygete of the fifth.
Three others again have received particular names, although they are
below the limit of ordinary vision; these are Pleione, Celeno, and
Asterope, from the sixth to the eighth magnitude. All the others are
only visible by the aid of a telescope; but with an ordinary glass
it is possible to distinguish a large number. The Pleiades are known
under the name of the Hen-coop, doubtless because Alcyone appears in
the group as a hen surrounded with her chickens.
The Hyades, which are near the Pleiades, form a less numerous and
more scattered group. The bright light of Aldebaran, which is, as
is known, of the first magnitude, renders them more difficult to
distinguish with the naked eye.
They appear in the rainy season. Hence their name of Hyades, from the
Greek word which signifies to rain.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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