The story of the universe. Volume 3 (of 4) : $b The earth's garment : flora
History
The story of the universe. Volume 3 (of 4) : $b The earth's garment : flora
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Thirdly, climbing plants, like other plants, bend toward the light
by a movement closely analogous to that incurvation which causes
them to revolve. This similarity in the nature of the movement was
well seen when plants were kept in a room, and their first movements
in the morning toward the light and their subsequent revolving
movements were traced on a bell glass. The movement of a revolving
shoot, and in some cases of a tendril, is retarded or accelerated
in traveling from or to the light. In a few instances tendrils bend
in a conspicuous manner toward the dark. Many authors speak as if
the movement of a plant toward the light was as directly the result
of the evaporation or of the oxygenation of the sap in the stem, as
the elongation of a bar of iron from an increase in its temperature.
But, seeing that tendrils are either attracted to or repelled by the
light, it is more probable that their movements are only guided and
stimulated by its action in the same manner as they are guided by the
force of attraction toward the centre of gravity.
Fourthly, we have in stems, petioles, flower-peduncles and
tendrils the spontaneous revolving movement which depends on no
outward stimulus, but is contingent on the youth of the part and
on its vigorous health, which again, of course, depends on proper
temperature and the other conditions of life. This is, perhaps, the
most interesting of all the movements of climbing plants because it
is continuous. Very many other plants exhibit spontaneous movements,
but they generally occur only once during the life of a plant, as in
the movements of the stamens and pistils, etc., or at intervals of
time, as in the so-called sleep of plants.
Fifthly, we have in the tendrils, whatever their homological nature
may be, in the petioles and tips of the leaves of leaf-climbers,
in the stem in one case and apparently in the aerial roots of the
vanilla, movements--often rapid movements--from contact with any
body. Extremely slight pressure suffices to cause the movement. These
several organs, after bending from a touch, become straight again,
and again bend when touched.
Sixthly, and lastly, most tendrils, soon after clasping a support,
but not after a mere temporary curvature, contract spirally. The
stimulus from the act of clasping some object seems to travel slowly
down the whole length of the tendril. Many tendrils, moreover,
ultimately contract spontaneously even if they have caught no object;
but this latter useless movement occurs only after a considerable
lapse of time.
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