PREMORSE, bitten; applied to a root terminating abruptly, as if bitten off. PRICKLES, hardened epidermal appendages of a nature similar to hairs. PRIMINE, the outer coat of the ovule. PRIMORDIAL UTRICLE, the lining membrane of cells in their early state. PROCESS, any prominence or projecting part, or small lobe. PROCUMBENT, lying on the ground. PROEMBRYO, cellular body in an ovary, from which the embryo and its suspensor are formed. Sometimes Proembryo is used for Prothallus. PROLIFEROUS, bearing abnormal buds. PRONE, prostrate, lying flat on the earth. PROPAGULUM, an offshoot or germinating bud attached by a thickish stalk to the parent plant. PROSENCHYMA, fusiform tissue forming wood. PROTHALLIUM, or PROTHALLUS, names given to the first part produced by the spore of an acrogen in germinating. PROTOPLASM, the nitrogenous gelatinous matter in which the vital activity of cells resides. PSEUDO-BULB, the peculiar aerial stem of many epiphytic orchids. PUBESCENCE, short and soft hairs covering a surface. PULULATING, budding. PULVERULENT, covered with fine powdery matter. PULVINATE, shaped like a cushion or pillow. PULVINOUS, cellular swelling at the point where the leaf-stalk joins the axis. PUNCTATED, applied to the peculiar dotted woody fibres of _Coniferæ_. PUTAMEN, the hard endocarp of some fruits. PYCNIDES, cysts containing stylospores found in some lichens. PYXIS, a capsule opening by a lid. Q QUATENARY, composed of parts in fours. QUINARY, composed of parts in fives. QUINATE, five leaves coming off from one point. QUINCUNX, when the leaves in the bud are five, of which two are exterior, two interior, and the fifth covers the interior with one margin, and has its other margin covered by the exterior. _Quincuncial_, arranged in a quincunx. R RACE, a permanent variety. RACEME, an indefinite inflorescence, in which there is a primary axis bearing stalked flowers. RACEMOSE, flowering in racemes. RACHIS, the axis of inflorescence; also applied to the stalk of the frond in ferns, and to the common stalk bearing the alternate spikelets in some grasses. RADICAL, belonging to the root; applied to leaves close to the ground, clustered at the base of a flower-stalk. RADICLE, the young root of the embryo. RAMENTA, little brown withered scales with which the stems of some plants are covered. RAMIFICATIONS, subdivisions of roots or branches. RAPHE, the line which connects the hilum and the chalaza in anatropal ovules. RAPHIDES, crystals found in cells, which are hence called _Raphidian_. RECEPTACLE, the flattened end of the peduncle rachis, bearing numerous flowers in a head; applied also generally to the extremity of the peduncle or pedicel. RECLINATE, curved downward from the horizontal, bent back up. RECURVED, bent backward.