REDUPLICATE, edges of the petals or sepals turned outward in æstivation. REGMA, seed-vessels composed of elastic cocci, as in _Euphorbia_. REGULAR, applied to an organ, the parts of which are of similar form and size. RELIQUIÆ, remains of withered leaves attached to the plant. RENIFORM, in shape like a kidney. REPAND, having a slightly undulated or sinuous margin. REPLUM, a longitudinal division in a pod formed by the placenta, as in _Cruciferæ_. RESUPINATE, inverted by a twisting of the stalk. RETICULATE, netted, applied to leaves having a network of anastomosing veins. RETINACULUM, the glandular viscid portion at the extremity of the caudicle in some Pollinia. RETRORSE, turned backward. RETUSE, when the extremity is broad, blunt, and slightly depressed. REVOLUTE, leaf with its edges rolled backward in vernation. RHIZOME, a stem creeping horizontally, more or less covered by the soil, giving off buds above and roots below. RHIZOTAXIS, the arrangement of the roots. RHOMBOID, quadrangular form, not square with equal sides. RIB, the projecting vein of a leaf. RINGENT, a labiate flower in which the upper lip is much arched. ROOT-STOCK, same as Rhizome. ROSETTE, leaves disposed in close circles forming a cluster. ROSTELLUM, a prolongation of the upper edge of the stigmas in orchids. ROSTRATE, beaked. ROTATE, a regular gamopetalous corolla, with a short tube, the limbs spreading out more or less at right angles. RUBEFACIENT, that which reddens the surface. RUDIMENTARY, an organ in an abortive state arrested in its development. RUFOUS, rust-red. RUGOSE, wrinkled. RUMINATE, applied to mottled albumen. RUNCINATE, a pinnatifid leaf with a triangular termination, and sharp divisions pointing downward, as in dandelion. RUNNERS, procumbent shoots which root at their extremity. RUSTY, rust-colored. S SAGITTATE, like an arrow; a leaf having two prolonged sharp-pointed lobes projecting downward beyond the insertion of the petiole. SAMARA, a winged dried fruit, as in the elm. SAPONACEOUS, soap-like. SARMENTOSE, yielding runners. SARMENTUM, sometimes meaning the same as Flagellum, or runner; at other times applied to a twining stem which supports itself by means of others. SCABROUS, rough, covered with very stiff short hair. SCALARIFORM, vessels having bars like a ladder, seen in ferns. SCALES, small processes resembling minute leaves. SCANDENT, climbing by means of supports, as on a wall or rock. SCAPE, a naked flower-stalk, bearing one or more flowers arising from a short axis, and usually with radical leaves at its base. SCARIOUS, or SCARIOSE, having the consistence of a dry scale, membraneous, dry, and shriveled. SCION, the young twig used as a graft. SCLEROGEN, the thickening matter of woody cells.