TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book. Chapter headings have been made consistent, with the title on a single line and the author on the following line. The Index in this book covers all four volumes. Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. Volume I of this set of four volumes can be found in Project Gutenberg at: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/74571 Volume II can be found in Project Gutenberg at: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77792 Volume III can be found in Project Gutenberg at: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/77827 [Illustration: Butterflies and Other Insects 1, Callimorpha; 2, Prionus Cervicornus; 3, 6, Licæna; 4. Oryctes Hercules; 5, Lucanus Cervus; 7, Zeryntina; 8, Lithosia; 9, Arctia; 10, Cynthia; 11, Papilio Œnora; 12, Oryctes Nasicornis; 13, Melolontha; 14, Papilio Machaon; 15, Goliathus; 16, Ditiscus; 17, Leptura; 18, Geotrupes; 19, 20, Vanessa; 21, Urania] THE STORY OF THE UNIVERSE _Told by Great Scientists and Popular Authors_ COLLECTED AND EDITED _By_ ESTHER SINGLETON Author of “Turrets, Towers and Temples,” “Wonders of Nature,” “The World’s Great Events,” “Famous Paintings,” Translator of Lavignac’s “Music Dramas of Richard Wagner” _FULLY ILLUSTRATED_ VOLUME IV THE EARTH’S CREATURES: FAUNA THE CURRENT LITERATURE PUBLISHING CO., NEW YORK COPYRIGHT 1905 P. F. COLLIER & SON ILLUSTRATIONS Butterflies and other Insects _Frontispiece_ Radiolaria _Opposite p._ 1327 Curious Zoophytes ” 1375 Fishes ” 1423 Shells ” 1495 Types of Extinct Fishes, Shells, and Crustacea ” 1543 Birds ” 1591 Fairy Flies ” 1639 American Reptiles ” 1687 CONTENTS OMNIPRESENCE OF LIFE. George Henry Lewes 1285 THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. Thomas H. Huxley 1296 THE FOUR CLASSES. Baron Cuvier 1301 DEEP SEA FAUNA. Lord Kelvin 1304