Palæozoic, fauna, 872 flora, 872, 874 ocean, 670-71 Paley, 1293 Paliser, 400 Palm, date, 911 groves, 1140 oil, 912 Palmetto fields, 1140 Palms, 938, 949-50 Pampas, 647-48, 663-64, 1141, 1145 Pampero, 850-52 Papuans, 1676-77 Paradise-fish, 1603 Partridge, 1581 Passifloras, 953, 956 Pea-crab, 1604 Peach, the, 1095 Peacock, 1547 Peat bogs, 631-34 Peat-mosses, 631-34 Peccary, 1553 Peduncle, the, 867 Pegasus, 78 square of, 84, 123 Permian period, 465, 872, 873 Péron, 755-57 Perseus, 78, 84 new star in, 228-38 Persians, 1672 Peru, agriculture in, 1094 Petals, 868, 1002, 1032 Petermann, Dr., 738 Phænogams, 454, 455, 456 Phanerogams, 887, 890-92, 957-58, 966, 1001 Pheasants, 1547 Pholades, 757 Phosphorescence of fungi, 1192-93 of ocean, 750-63, 1320-24 Phyllode, 864 Phyllotaxis, 1017 Piazzi, 396-98 Pickering, W. H., 155 Pictet, 813 Pileus, 1199 Pines, 455, 873, 876, 885-86, 931 Pine-woods, 1136 Piscis Australis, 98 Pistil, 869, 1003 Pitcher-plants, 1074-75 Placoids, 482 Planetoids, the, 396-403 Planets, the, 30, 31, 55, 310-16 Planisphere, Græco-Egyptian, 64 Plants, and animals, 976-77, 979-84, 1478 cilia of, 1010 classification of, 984-1002 climbing, 1045-61 color development in, 896 cultivation of, 1091-99 dew, 1083 distribution of, 936-45 fertilization of, 892-98, 1005-16 flowering and flowerless, 963-65 food, 941-45, 1026 forms of, 948-55 fossil, 958 growth of, 1122 insect-fertilized, 894-95 insectivorous, 1068-77, 1103 “irritability” of, 977-78, 1040, leguminous, 1080 milk-sap, 1161-74 mimicry of, 1099-1114, 1598 movement in, 1045-61 movements of, 1005-16, 1037-44, 1122-25 oldest, 455, 1230 organs of, 968 radiation of, 1042-43 sleep of, 978, 1038, 1042 social, 956 and soil, 934-36, 969-72 wind-fertilized, 894 Planula, 1328 Plastron, 1394 Platypus, 1558-59 Plateaus, submarine, 683 Pleiades, the, 75, 77, 85, 94, 123-24, 151-52, 167 Pleistocene, 1647, 1649 animals, 1533 Plesiosaurus, 674 Pleuracanthus, 485 Pleuronectidæ, 483 Pliny, 60, 221, 757, 761, 986 Pliocene, 1522, 1647, 1649 animals, 1532, 1533 Plow, the, 122 Plowright, Dr., 1101, 1106 Plumularia, 1333-35 Plutarch, 376 Poik, the, 617-20 Poison-trees, 1165 Pole Star, 68, 82-83, 87, 122, 197 Pollen, 868, 1002, 1028-29 Pollux, 57, 98, 122, 315 Polynesia, fauna of, 1560-61 races of, 1666, 1676-77 Polypes, 1328-31 bell, 1335-36 coral, 459 garland, 1331-35 Polyzoa, 471 Pomegranate, 1095 Porcupine, the, 747 Porpoise, 1561 Potato, 942, 945 sweet, 929 Pothos, 952, 955 Pouchet, George, 1681 Poultry, domestic, 1547 Poussinière, the, 75 Prairies, the, 645, 1142 Prawn, 1377 Prehistoric period, 1647