[10] The emu and cassowary, though in common language referred to as identical, are specifically distinct. Of the cassowary, properly so called, three distinct species are now known--one of them an inhabitant of the Australian mainland, in the neighborhood of Cape York, a second native to New Guinea, and a third inhabiting the island of New Britain. [11] The substance called _Spermaceti_ is lodged in cells, formed of a cartilaginous substance, situated on the upper part of the head of the _Cachalot_. [12] L. H. Morgan, _The American Beaver and his Works_, Philadelphia, 1868, pp. 82-86. [13] The figures given in the above table represent no more than an approximate estimate. It is only in the case of Europe that we possess the means of making such calculations with any approach to accuracy. The amount of the population of China alone has been stated with wide variations--the estimates ranging between two hundred millions and more than double that number. We adopt above the higher number, which appears to be confirmed by the general testimony of observers. The number of inhabitants within the African continent (and especially within those portions of it populated by the negro race) is scarcely more than a guess: the figures given above are probably rather below than in excess of the truth. [14] The facial angle is formed by the meeting of two lines drawn on the profile of the skull--one of them a line touching the projecting part of the forehead and the gum of the upper jaw, the other connecting the base of the nose and the opening of the ear. The angle formed by the meeting of these lines sometimes amounts in a Caucasian variety of man to 80 degrees and upward; in the other varieties it seldom exceeds 70 degrees; and in the instance of some degraded races is considerably less. TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources. Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a predominant preference was found in the original book. Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.