The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Some curious points in the internal structure of the sea-horses
warrant a brief notice. As already stated, the gills of an ordinary
fish are shaped each like a comb; the teeth of the comb being
represented by the delicate processes, each consisting in reality
of a network of blood-vessels, in which the blood is exposed to
the oxygen of the water, and is thus purified. In the sea-horses,
however, the gills do not present this comb-like appearance,
but exist in the form of separated tufts or bunches of delicate
filaments, which spring from the gill-supports or arches. From this
peculiarity the name “tuft-gilled,” already alluded to, is derived,
and the pipe-fishes agree in the structure of the gills with the
sea-horses. Then, also, as most readers are aware, the gills of
ordinary fishes are covered by a horny plate, appropriately named
the gill-cover, and it is by sharply compressing the gills with this
cover that the water used in breathing is ejected from the gills, so
as to make room for a fresh supply. In the sea-horses, however, the
gill-cover is not open or free at its under and hinder edges, but is
firmly attached all round to the neighboring tissues, and so rendered
immovable. At one point in its circumference, however, a small
aperture is left, through which the breathing-water escapes from the
gills.
The sea-horses are found abundantly in the English Channel, around
the coasts of France and Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the
tropical oceans. Several distinct species are known to zoologists,
but they closely resemble one another in the essential features just
noted. They are lively and intelligent little creatures, and become
familiar in time with their possessors. Fixed by their tails, they
may be seen actively to dart the head at any passing object adapted
for food; while, when they wish to free their bodies from the
attached position, they appear to manœuvre with the chin and head in
order to effect their purpose. Their food appears to consist of small
crustaceans, worms, etc.; and they are known to be especially fond of
such delicate titbits as are afforded by the eggs of other fishes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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