The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
The toes are usually provided with membranes spread between them,
to assist in swimming. The form of the tail, which is generally
compressed vertically, like that of fishes, though perhaps not to
an equal degree, is another indication of their being formed for an
aquatic life: for where the tail has this shape, we always find that
the chief muscular power is bestowed upon it as an instrument of
aquatic progression, producing, by its lateral flexions, a horizontal
movement of the body. Crocodiles and alligators, for instance, which
have this conformation, are comparatively weak when on land, and as
soon as they have seized their prey their efforts are always directed
to drag it with them into the water; knowing that when in their own
element they can readily master its struggles, and dispose of it as
they please.
In the Gecko tribe we find a particular mechanism provided for
effecting the adhesion of the feet to the objects to which they
are applied. It is somewhat analogous to that employed in the case
of the house-fly, already mentioned. Each foot has five toes; all,
except the thumb, terminated by a sharp curved claw. On the under
surface of each toe there are as many as sixteen transverse slits,
leading to the same number of cavities, or sacs; these open forward,
and their external edge is serrated, appearing like the teeth of a
small-toothed comb. All these parts, together with the cavities, are
covered or lined with cuticle. Below them are large muscles which
draw down the claw; and from the tendons of these muscles arise two
sets of smaller muscles, situated so as to be put upon the stretch,
when the former are in action. By the contractions of these muscles
the orifices of the cavities, or sacs to which they belong, are
opened, and the serrated edges applied accurately to the surfaces
with which the feet are in contact. Sir Everard Home, in his account
of this structure, compares it to the sucking disk of the Remora. By
its means the animal is enabled to walk securely upon the smoothest
surfaces, even in opposition to the tendency of gravity. It can run
very quickly along the walls or ceiling of a building, in situations
where it can not be supported by the feet, but must depend altogether
upon the suspension derived from a succession of rapid and momentary
adhesions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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