The Strange Adventures of a PebbleHawksworth, Hallam
Science
The Strange Adventures of a Pebble
Hawksworth, Hallam
Geology -- Juvenile literature; Physical geography -- Juvenile literature
You can be sure these companies of rain-drops, hurrying back to the
light, don't fail to notice any cracks in the rocks along the way, and
at such places they come gushing up with sparkle and dance; and the
greater the dip of the rock beds the higher they dance, of course.
But it takes any one rain-drop so long to get back into the sunshine
after it starts on its underground journey that you'd think it would
forget how to dance at all! It isn't just the same rain-drop, to be
sure, that goes into the ground and comes out again, because the
rain-drops get all mixed up with each other as they move along, but
just imagine some one rain-drop that fell, say, on a hilltop on the day
a baby was born in a valley five miles away, where there was a spring
in a shady hollow near the baby's home. By the time that rain-drop got
down to the spring the baby would be old enough to vote!
Yet this is a very good thing for the rivers and the rest of us--this
slow travel of the underground water, whether it comes out in springs
or simply seeps through the soil as most of that which supplies the
rivers does. Otherwise, if all the water of the rains went directly
into the rivers we would have floods after every wet spell and empty
river beds between times.
Here's another river rebus. How do rivers grow longer at the top? All
rivers grow at their source because their headwaters eat back into the
rocks and the soil, just as the rain wears away the head of any gully.
Where the rock is soft they eat back faster. The Mohawk River in New
York State probably wouldn't have amounted to anything if it hadn't
done this very thing. From Albany westward past Utica runs a belt of
shale, a weak stone, but here so soft that the surface of it crumbles
back to clay in every winter's frost. Into this the Mohawk, which in
past ages was only a little stream, has eaten back its way until now it
is over a hundred miles long.
But sometimes rivers are so big the very first day they come into the
world that you may say they are born half grown. You find them, among
other places, in the mountains of California. Nearly all the water
from the melting snows on Mount Shasta sinks at once into the porous
lava fields of the mountain slopes, and after wandering about in the
hidden veins comes out, filtered and cool, in the form of large springs
which make rivers that set out on their life journeys without ever
having been babies at all so far as you can see. The Shasta River is
one of these. The McCloud is another. It gushes forth suddenly from a
lava bluff in a roaring spring seventy-five yards across, two-thirds of
the width of the river in its widest part. The River Jordan in the Holy
Land begins in one of these great springs at the foot of Mount Hermon.
[Illustration:
_From Norton's "Elements of Geology." By permission of Ginn and
Company_
HOW MOST OF EUROPE'S RIVERS GET THEIR START
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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