[198] This is _luku_, or _Eleusine coracana_, introduced from Asia. It is extensively grown in Abyssinia and among the Niamniam (Schweinfurth, _The Heart of Africa_, vol. i, p. 248; Ficalho, _Plantas uteis_, p. 41). [199] _Massa-mamputo_, or Grão de Portugal, is _Zea mayz_, introduced from America (Ficalho). See note, p. 7. [200] This is the ground-nut (_Arachis hypogaea_), or underground kidney bean. Its native name is _nguba_ or _mpinda_. According to Ficalho, p. 142, it was introduced from America, while _Voandzeia subterranea_, called _vielo_ in Angola, is certainly indigenous. The seeds of the latter are smaller and less oleaginous than those of _Arachis_, and hence its commercial value is less. [201] _Wandu_ (of Congo) is the _mbarazi_ of the Swahili, the _Cajanus indicus_ of botanists. It is grown all over Africa, and Welwitsch considers it indigenous. In Angola a variety is known as _nsonje_ (Ficalho, p. 143; Burton, _Two Trips to Gorilla Island_, vol. ii, p. 119). [202] In a marginal note to his reprint of Pigafetta’s book (p. 1005), Purchas quotes Battell as confirming Lopez when he states, with regard to the _Cola_ (_c. acuminata, R. Br._), that “the liver of a hen, or of any other like bird, which putrified and stinketh, being sprinkled over with the juice of this fruit (the _Cola_), returneth into its former estate, and becometh fresh and sound again.” [203] See note, p. 24. Monteiro (vol. ii, 165) confirms that hives are securely placed in the branches of a tree, the _Baobab_ being chosen in preference. [204] A misprint from _Inganda_, i.e., _Nsanda_, banyan. [205] The three kinds of palm are, the wine-palm (_Raphia_); the oil-palm (_Elaeis_); and the date-palm (_Phœnix_). [206] _Lubámbu_ (in Kimbundu); _luvambu_ (in Congoese) means a chain. Dr. Lacerda says that a _Libambo_ was made of sufficient length to hold twelve slaves (_The Lands of Cazembe_, ed. by Burton, London; 1873, p. 18). [207] For his _Relations_, see Purchas, lib. VI. ch. viii. [208] Domingos d’Abreu de Brito, in a memoir addressed in 1592 to King Philip, states that 52,000 slaves were exported from Angola to Brazil and the Spanish Indies between 1575 and 1591, and 20,131 during the last four years of this period (Paiva Manso, _Hist. do Congo_, p. 140). Cadornega, quoted by the same author, estimates the number of slaves annually exported between 1580 and 1680 at eight or ten thousand (_ib._, p. 287). [209] _Recte_, _Engenho_, a mill, and in Brazil more especially a sugar mill. [210] Turner says, in his _Relations_, p. 1243, that John de Paiis (_sic_) owned ten thousand slaves and eighteen sugar mills. [211] Manuel Cerveira Pereira was Governor 1603-7 (see p. 37).