[212] Carvalho (_Ethnographia_, pp. 248, 258) describes trophies of these as also trophies of war, built up of the skulls of enemies killed in battle. Bastian (_Loango Expedition_, vol. i, p. 54) saw a fossil tusk, which was looked upon as a fetish, around which were piled up the horns of oxen, and the teeth and skulls of hippopotami. [213] Libations are a common practice. Dr. Bastian (_Loango Expedition_, vol. i. p. 70) observed libations of rum being poured on the royal graves at Loangiri; Capello and Ivens (_Benguella_, vol. i, p. 26) say that the Bandombe, before they drink spirits, pour a portion on the ground, as a libation to _Nzambi_; whilst in Congo (according to Bentley), the blood of a beast killed in the chase is poured on the grave of a good hunter, to ensure success in the future. Instances of this practice could easily be multiplied. Compare note, p. 51. [214] _Wá_, an interjection, O! _Kizangu_ is a fetish image (see note, p. 24). _Kuleketa_, to prove, to try (Cordeiro da Matta’s _Diccionario_). [215] On this ordeal, as practised in Angola, see note, p. 61. [216] _Nganga a mukishi._ [217] See note, p. 34. [218] See note, p. 55. [219] Battell is named in the margin as authority for this paragraph, but it is not likely that he would have mentioned a lake Aquelunda, which we now know does not exist. It rather seems that Purchas got this bit of information out of Pigafetta. The Quizama here referred must not be confounded with the country of the same name, to the south of the Coanza. It was the district of the Quiluangi quia Sama (or quia Samba, according to Lopez de Lima, p. 60), the ancestor of a chief of the same name now living near the Portuguese fort of Duque de Bragança. The “commonwealth” is an evident reference to the country of the Dembos (_ndembu_, plural _jindembu_, ruler, chief), who recognise no superior chief or king. [220] It need scarcely be stated that the horse was first introduced into Angola by the Portuguese. The tails seen by the early Portuguese, and sometimes described as horse-tails, were in truth the tails of the Zebra. [221] See another version of the same story, p. 69. [222] The _nsanda_ is the banyan, or wild fig-tree (_ficus umbelata_, Vahl). [223] Battell has been misunderstood by Purchas, for the _manga_ tree is the Mangrove (_Rhyzophora mangle_) called _Mangue_ in Kimbundu, which rejoices in adventitious roots, as also does the _nsanda_. [224] See p. 24, for note on the _Nkondo_ or _Baobab_. [225] For an account of this mode of climbing a tree, see Pechuel-Lösche, _Loango Expedition_, vol. iii, p. 179. [226] On honey, see note, p. 68. [227] _Nsanda_, the banyan-tree. [228] Schuit, a boat, in Dutch.