The Strangest Things in the World: A Book About Extraordinary Manifestations of NatureHenry, Thomas R. (Thomas Robert)
History
The Strangest Things in the World: A Book About Extraordinary Manifestations of Nature
Henry, Thomas R. (Thomas Robert)
Animal behavior; Natural history
The “eyes” of the terricola are black dots arranged in two parallel
rows along both sides of the back. Some species are two-eyed. Many
varieties are eyeless. Hundred-eyed worms are quite common. The black
dots are light-sensitive. Presumably they represent the beginning
of vision. By means of them the worms can distinguish between light
and darkness. They also tell the direction from which light comes.
Actually, however, planarians without eyes have the same ability, but
they are slower to react. This is demonstrably true for fresh-water
forms. For most of the land forms at least exposure to strong sunlight
would be fatal.
Each of the eye dots has a nerve connection with the brain. It is quite
unlikely, however, that the animals actually see anything, in the sense
of discriminating specific objects in their surroundings. In a few
species, however, from two to four of these black dots nearest to the
brain seem somewhat more complicated than the others. As the faculty
of vision evolves among animals these will become actual eyes and all
the other light-sensitive spots will be discarded. In most planarians,
however, the number of eyes increases with the age of the animal.
Nearly all are predatory meat eaters. They are both hunters and
scavengers. Some pursue, kill, and eat living animals, such as
earthworms and small mollusks, as big as themselves. They apparently
are able to locate their victims at some distances by an already
evolved sense of smell. One blind Brazilian species is said to pursue
earthworms into their burrows several feet underground.
When the victim is overtaken the planarian first enfolds it in its
sheetlike, slimy body. Then from its mouth, always on the underside
of the body near the middle instead of at the head end, it projects
its pharynx, a muscular tube which is part of the digestive system.
From this is exuded a substance of some sort which slowly liquifies
the flesh. Then the liquid is sucked into the body through the mouth.
Digestion then is completed within the digestive tract by special cells
which engulf minute particles in the same way as they are engulfed
and digested by one-celled animals, the amoeba. The nature of the
dissolving material exuded from the pharynx is unknown. It is believed,
however, to contain a mixture of enzymes such as those found in the
intestinal tracts of higher animals.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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