Produced by Paul Marshall, Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE STRUCTURE AND HABITS OF SPIDERS. BY J. H. EMERTON. [Illustration] _ILLUSTRATED._ BOSTON: S. E. CASSINO & CO., PUBLISHERS. 1883. COPYRIGHT. BY S. E. CASSINO. 1878. _Electrotyped_ _By C. J. Peters & Son,_ _Boston._ PREFACE. The object of this book is to give a plain account of the best known habits of spiders, and as much of their anatomy and classification as is necessary to understand these habits. The portion on the spinning and flying habits is copied chiefly from Blackwall and Menge; that on the trap-door spiders from Moggridge; and the habits of Nephila and Hyptiotes, from Wilder. The observations of these authors have been repeated as far as possible, and some changes and additions made to their accounts of them. The numerous stories of deadly poison, supernatural wisdom, and enormous size and strength of spiders, have been omitted as doubtful. Several cuts from the papers of Professor Wilder have been repeated by favor of the author and publishers. Most of the figures are, however, new, and engraved by photography from my own drawings. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE Anatomy and Classification.—External Parts of a Spider.—Feet. —Palpi and Maxillæ.—Mandibles.—Breathing-Holes.—Epigynum. —Spinnerets.—Eyes.—Colors and Markings.—Internal Organs.— Intestine.—Heart.—Breathing-Organs.—Nervous System.— Poison Glands.—Families of Spiders 11 CHAPTER II. Eating and Biting.—Structure of the Mandibles.—Mouth.—Eating Insects.—Biting.—Experiments on Poison of Spiders. —Tame Spiders 32 CHAPTER III.