The Structure and Habits of SpidersEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Structure and Habits of Spiders
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders
A family resembling the last, but having peculiar spinning-organs,
which will be described farther on, Fig. 35.
LYCOSIDÆ.
The running spiders. Very active spiders, living in open places, and
catching their prey without webs. Their legs are long, the hind pair
being the longest. The head is high, and the arrangement of the eyes
peculiar to the family, Fig. 10.
[Illustration: Fig. 10.]
ATTIDÆ.
The jumping spiders. The body is usually short, and the head square.
The arrangement of the eyes is characteristic, Fig. 11, _a_. The two
large ones in the middle give these spiders a more animated look than
those of other families. The legs are short, and the front pair often
stouter than the others. They can walk easily backwards or sidewise,
and jump a long distance. Fig. 11 is the common gray jumping spider
enlarged.
[Illustration: Fig. 11.]
[Illustration: Fig. 11 _a_.]
THOMISIDÆ.
The crab spiders. The body is usually flat, and wide behind. The front
two pair of legs are longer than the others, and so bent that the
spider can use them when in a narrow crack. Some of them, like crabs,
walk better sidewise than forwards. Like the running and jumping
spiders, they make no webs for catching food. The eyes are small, and
simply arranged in two rows, Fig. 12.
[Illustration: Fig. 12.]
THERIDIIDÆ.
The largest family of spiders. Most of them are small, with large
rounded abdomens and slender legs. They live usually upside down,
holding by their feet under their webs. They make large cobwebs of
different shapes for different species, and depend for food on what is
caught in them. To this group belongs the genus _Erigone_, containing a
great number of the smallest spiders known. Fig. 13 is the common house
_Theridion_ enlarged.
[Illustration: Fig. 13.]
EPEIRIDÆ.
The round-web spiders. Large spiders, with flat heads, and eyes wide
apart, and short, round abdomens, Figs. 1, 4. They make webs formed
of radiating lines crossed by other adhesive ones in a spiral or
concentric loops, Fig. 28. They hang in the web, head downward, or live
upside down in a hole near by.
CHAPTER II.
EATING AND BITING.
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