A few lines must be added upon the popular and scientific names of this insect. Etymologists have found it hard to explain the common English name, which seems to be related to _cock_ and _roach_, but has really nothing to do with either. The lexicographers usually hold their peace about it, or give derivations which are absurd. Mr. James M. Miall informs us that “_Cockroach_ can be traced to the Spanish _cucarácha_, a diminutive form of _cuco_ or _coco_ (Lat. _coccum_, a berry). _Cucarácha_ is used also of the woodlouse, which, when rolled up, resembles a berry. The termination _-ácha_ (Ital. _-accio_, _-accia_) signifies _mean_ or _contemptible_. The Spanish word has also taken a French form; at least _coqueraches_ has some currency (see, for example, Tylor’s Anahuac, p. 325).” In provincial English _Black Clock_ is a common name. The German word _Schabe_, often turned into _Schwabe_, means perhaps _Suabian_, as Moufet, quoting Cordus, seems to explain.[27] _Franzose_ and _Däne_ are other German words for the insect, applied specially to _Blatta germanica_; and all seem to imply some popular theory as to the native country of the Cockroach.[28] This etymology of _Schabe_ is not free from suspicion, particularly as the same term is commonly applied to the clothes-moth. _Kakerlac_, much used in France and French-speaking colonies, is a Dutch word of unknown signification. _P. Americana_ is usually named _Kakerlac_ or _Cancrelat_ by the French; while _orientalis_ has many names, such as _Cafard_, _Ravet_, and _Bête noire_.[29] The name _Blatta_ was applied by the ancients to quite different insects, of which Virgil and Pliny make mention; _Periplaneta_ is a modern generic term, coined by Burmeister. [27] Insectorum Theatrum, p. 138. The name _Schwabe_ is frequent in Franconia, where it is believed to have taken origin. Suabia adjoins Franconia, to the south. [28] Compare the Swedish name (_supra_, p. 18). [29] A fuller list of vernacular names is given by Rolland, Faune Populaire de la France, Vol. III., p. 285. See also Nennich, Polyglotten Lexicon, Vol. I., p. 620. _Uses._ Of the uses to which Cockroaches have been put we have little to say. They constitute a popular remedy for dropsy in Russia, and both cockroach-tea and cockroach-pills are known in the medical practice of Philadelphia. Salted Cockroaches are said to have an agreeable flavour which is apparent in certain popular sauces. CHAPTER IV. THE OUTER SKELETON. _SPECIAL REFERENCES._ KRUKENBERG. Vergleichend-Physiologische Vorträge. IV.--Vergl. Physiologie der Thierischen Gerüstsubstanzen. (1885.) [Chemical Relations of Chitin.] GRABER. Ueber eine Art fibrilloiden Bindegewebes der Insectenhaut. Arch. f. mikr. Anat. Bd. X. (1874.) [Minute Structure of Integument.] Also, VIALLANES. Recherches sur l’Histologie des Insectes. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. VI^e Série, Tom. XIV. (1882).