3. Administration Conventions 91 4. Anti-Administration Conventions 98 5. The Fall Elections 103 6. Action on the XIV Amendment 104 CHAPTER V. THE CONGRESSIONAL THEORY FULLY DEVELOPED. 1. The Second Session Convenes; The Annual Message 107 2. First Reconstruction Bill 109 3. First Supplementary Bill 117 4. Second Supplementary Bill 122 5. State Conventions 124 6. Third Supplementary Bill 125 7. Ratification of Constitutions 125 8. Acts Re-admitting States to Representation in Congress 125 CHAPTER VI. THE IMPEACHMENT OF THE PRESIDENT. 1. Why Congress Wished to Impeach 127 2. What is an Impeachable Offense 128 3. The Opening Attack 129 4. The Work of the Judiciary Committee 131 5. The Attack Fails 132 6. The Limitation of Presidential Powers 133 7. The Tenure-of-Office Act 134 8. Struggle with Secretary Stanton 135 9. Articles of Impeachment 138 10. Attitude of Conservative Republicans 140 11. Conclusion 141 THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND CONGRESS OVER RECONSTRUCTION. CHAPTER I. THEORIES OF RECONSTRUCTION PRIOR TO THE CLOSE OF THE WAR. 1. The war of the rebellion afforded opportunity for the people of the United States to obtain a far clearer conception of the powers and limitations of the federal constitution than had previously been possible, and settled beyond possibility of further debate some of the most important questions which had arisen since its interpretation as an "instrument of evidence" had begun. Yet when General Johnston had surrendered his army on April 26, 1865, virtually bringing the war to a close, the country found that one great constitutional question, a question of the highest practical importance, still remained unsolved; and for several years the best energies of our statesmen were occupied with its solution. Eleven of the States had for four years been in armed insurrection, but now, through superior force, they lay helpless at the feet of the Union. Under these circumstances, what was their constitutional relation to the federal government?