The Student's Companion to Latin AuthorsMiddleton, George
Philosophy
The Student's Companion to Latin Authors
Middleton, George
Authors, Latin; Latin literature -- History and criticism
(_b_) Law. So _advocatus_ (_Mil._ 663), _festuca_ (_Mil._ 961), _lege
agito_ (_Mil._ 453). Cf. _Menaech._ 571-95 (on patrons and clients);
_Trin._ 500-4, where Roman terms of _stipulatio_ are used.
3. _Festivals and localities._--References to these are rarer.
Examples are: _Mil._ 691,
'Da, mi vir, Calendis meam qui matrem moenerem';
_Trin._ 545,
'Campans genus';
_Trin._ 609,
'Tam modo, inquit Praenestinus.'
_Mil._ 359,
'Credo ego istoc exemplo tibi esse pereundum extra portam';
a reference to the Esquiline gate, outside which slaves were executed.
4. _Private life._--These references are mostly to the lower classes,
especially slaves, with whom Plautus was very familiar. Hence words
referring to household duties, as _promus_, _suppromus_, _cella_,
_cellarius_, _verna_, _pulmentum_ (from _Mil._) To their patois also
belong phrases for cheating, like _emungere_, _intervortere_, _sarcinam
imponere_, _ducere_, _ductare_, _circumducere_, and the very large
number of words relating to punishment, as: _furcifer_, _verbero_,
_supplicium virgarum_, _varius virgis_, _talos frangere_, _crux_,
_verberea statua_ (_Pseud._ 911); _gymnasium flagri_ (_Asin._ 297). Cf.
also _Epid._ 17,
'Quid ais? perpetuen valuisti?--Varie.'
From slave life come also terms of abuse like _volturius_, _scelus_,
_odium populi_, _mers mala_, _lapis_, _saxum_. Note that cruelty in the
treatment of slaves is peculiarly Roman; but their familiarity with
their masters and their general situation are from Greek life.
_Prosody._[12]--Plautine prosody, which reflected the variation of
quantity found in the popular speech, was not properly understood even
in Cicero's time.
Cf. Cic. _Or._ 184, 'Comicorum senarii propter similitudinem sermonis
sic saepe sunt abiecti ut non numquam vix in eis numerus et versus
intellegi possit.'
The chief points are as follows:
1. Final -s is often lost. _Rud._ 103,
'Patér, salveto, ambóque adeo. Et tu sálvŏs sis';
_Most._ 1124,
'Quóque modo dominum ádvenientem sérvos ludificátŭs sit.'
2. A mute followed by a liquid does not make the preceding vowel long.
Thus _agris_, _libros_, _duplex_, are iambi.
3. Iambic words may become pyrrhics, on account of the stress accent
on the first syllable. So _dŏmī_ and _căvē_ have the last syllable
short.[13] _Trin._ 868,
'Fórĭs pultabo. Ad nóstras aedis híc quidem habet rectám viam';
_Stich._ 99,
'Bónăs ut aequomst fácere facitis, quóm tamen absentís viros.'
4. The stress accent sometimes causes final syllables to be dropped,
and so to have no effect on quantity, as in _enim_, _apud_, _quidem_,
_parum_, _soror_, _caput_, _amant_, _habent_, etc. _Trin._ 77,
'Qui in méntem venĭt tibi ístaec dicta dícere?'
_Stich._ 18 (anapaestic),
'Haec rés vitae me, sórŏr, saturant.'
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