There are many special things about flowers which we must leave till
later on, but we may just notice now how some are regular, like the
primrose, rose, poppy, and so on, which are after the pattern of a
circle, and appear the same from whichever side you look. Others, like
the violet, larkspur, or sweet pea, are not regular, but have only
two sides alike. This difference is very often due to some special
structure of the flower in relation to the insects which visit it, and
if you examine and compare the two-sided with the circular flowers
you will generally find that the two-sided flowers are the more
complicated. Some of them become very complicated indeed, like the
orchids, which have such strange flowers, and in which the relation
between the insects and the flower has become very special.
We must leave these more complicated cases till Chapter XXII., and come
back to ~the simple important facts about the work which all flowers
have to do~. =They must make sure that in some way or other, seeds are
formed for the plant.= If the flower does not do this, then it is not
doing the work for which it was made.
You will find a number of flowers in gardens which do not do their work
properly, and very often have no seeds at all, but they are specially
cultivated by gardeners to do other things. For the study of the true
structures of flowers, it is generally better to examine wild flowers
instead of garden ones, which are often much altered by the rather
unnatural conditions in which they are made to live.
CHAPTER XVI.
FRUITS AND SEEDS
[Illustration: Fig. 80. A, Pea-flower. B, the same beginning to fade,
with the ripening carpel breaking through the keel. C, the same carpel
much enlarged, the petals and stamens quite faded.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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