The Supernatural in Modern English FictionScarborough, Dorothy
History
The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction
Scarborough, Dorothy
English fiction -- History and criticism; Supernatural in literature
Henry James's _The Turn of the Screw_ is a remarkable example of
the objective ghost story. It is one of the best ghostly stories
in English, because more philosophical, showing more knowledge of
the psychology not only of the adult but of the child, not only of
the human being but of the ghost, than most fiction of the type.
Peter Quint and Miss Jessel with their diabolical conspiracy of evil
against the two children are so real that they are seen not only by
the children they hound but by the unsuspecting governess as well.
She is able to describe them so accurately that those who knew them
in life--as she did not at all--recognize them instantly. In _The
Four-fifteen Express_,[83] John Derringer's ghost is seen by a man that
does not know he is dead, and who has not been thinking of him at all.
The ghost reveals incontrovertible proof of his presence, even leaving
his cigar-case behind him,--which raises the question as to whether
ghosts smoke in the hereafter in more ways than one. The ghastly
incident in Emily Brontë's _Wuthering Heights_ where the agonized
ghost comes to the window, gashing its wrist on the broken pane, is
strikingly objectified, for she comes to a person who never knew her
and is not thinking of any supernatural manifestation. _Shadows on the
Wall_,[84] that story of surpassing power of suggestion, is objective
in its method, for not only the man who has wronged his dead mother
sees his spirit returning, not in the ordinary way but as an accusing
shadow on the wall, but the sisters see it as well.
[83] By Amelia B. Edwards.
[84] By Mary Wilkins Freeman.
In _John Inglesant_,[85] the spirit of Lord Strafford is seen by the
young lad in the vestibule as well as by the king whose conscience
burns for having left him to die undefended. Frank R. Stockton's
transferred ghost is an objective apparition, for surely the guest in
the upper chamber was not expecting to see the shade of a living man
perch itself on the foot of his bed at midnight. The horrible specter
in _The Messenger_,[86] is seen by various persons at different times,
some of whom are totally unprepared for such exhibition. And many
similar instances might be given.
[85] By J. H. Shorthouse.
[86] By Robert W. Chambers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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