[140] Other stories of double personality are _The Ivory Gate_, by Walter Besant; _The Man with a Shadow_, by George M. Fenn; _The Jolly Corner_, by Henry James; _The Transferred Ghost_, by Frank R. Stockton; _On the Stairs_, by Katherine Fullerton Gerould; _Elixiere des Teufels_, by E. T. A. Hoffmann; _Howe's Masquerade_, by Hawthorne; _The Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut_, by Mark Twain; _The Queen of Sheba_, by Thomas Bailey Aldrich; _The Doppelgänger_, by Elizabeth Bisland Wetmore. Georg Brandes, in his article, "Romantic Reduplication and Psychology," in _Main Currents of Nineteenth Century Literature_, points out the prevalence of this motif in German fiction. He says: "It finds its first expression in Jean Paul's _Leibgeber Schappe_, and is to be found in almost all of Hoffmann's tales, reaching its climax in _Die Elixiere des Teufels_. It crops up in the writings of all the Romanticists, in Kleist's _Amphitryon_, in Achim von Arnim's _Die Beiden Waldemar_, in Chamisso's _Erscheinung_. Brentano treats it comically in _Die Mehreren Wehmüller_." Distinct from the expression of one personality in two bodies, the supernatural merging of two separate personalities into one appears in recent ghostly fiction. It forms a subtle psychologic study and is uncannily effective. H. G. Wells's _Story of the Late Mr. Elvesham_ is a peculiar narrative of a transfer of personality as the result of a mysterious drink, by which an old man takes possession of a young man's body, leaving the youth to inhabit the worn-out shell of the dotard. Algernon Blackwood in _The Terror of the Twins_ describes a supernatural merging of two natures into one by the power of a dead father's insane curse. The younger son loses his vitality, his mind, his personality, all of which is supermortally given to his older brother, while the deprived son dies a drivelling idiot of sheer inertia and utter absence of vital power. Mary Heaton Vorse[141] describes a neurotic woman who comes back from the grave to obsess and possess the interloper in her home, through the immortal force of her jealousy, making the living woman actually become the reincarnation of the dead wife. This story naturally suggests Poe's _Ligeia_ which is the climax of ghostly horror of this motif, with its thesis that "man doth not yield himself to the angels nor unto death utterly save through the weakness of his own feeble will" expressed in a terrible crescendo of ghastly horror. Poe's _Morella_ is a similar study of the supernatural merging of an exterior personality into a living body, where the dead mother and her child are literally one flesh and one spirit. Blackwood's _The Return_ is an example of the compact-ghost, that comes back at the hour of death to reveal himself to his friend as he long ago promised he would. The dead artist manifests himself