74. _The Economic Revolution_ 152 75. _The Attitude of the South_ 154 76. _The Attitude of the North and Congress_ 156 77. _Imperfect Application of the Laws_ 159 78. _Responsibility of the Government_ 161 79. _Activity of the Slave-Trade, 1820-1850_ 163 CHAPTER XI THE FINAL CRISIS, 1850-1870 80. _The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws_ 168 81. _Commercial Conventions of 1855-1856_ 169 82. _Commercial Conventions of 1857-1858_ 170 83. _Commercial Convention of 1859_ 172 84. _Public Opinion in the South_ 173 85. _The Question in Congress_ 174 86. _Southern Policy in 1860_ 176 87. _Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850 to 1860_ 178 88. _Notorious Infractions of the Laws_ 179 89. _Apathy of the Federal Government_ 182 90. _Attitude of the Southern Confederacy_ 187 91. _Attitude of the United States_ 190 CHAPTER XII THE ESSENTIALS IN THE STRUGGLE 92. _How the Question Arose_ 193 93. _The Moral Movement_ 194 94. _The Political Movement_ 195 95. _The Economic Movement_ 195 96. _The Lesson for Americans_ 196 APPENDICES A. _A Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641-1787_ 199 B. _A Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International Legislation, 1788-1871_ 234 C. _Typical Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade, 1619-1864_ 306 D. _Bibliography_ 316 INDEX 347 * * * * * _Chapter I_ INTRODUCTORY. 1. Plan of the Monograph. 2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade. 1. ~Plan of the Monograph.~ This monograph proposes to set forth the efforts made in the United States of America, from early colonial times until the present, to limit and suppress the trade in slaves between Africa and these shores.