The suppression of tuberculosis: $b Together with observations concerning phthisiogenesis in man and animals and suggestions concerning the hygiene of cow stables and the production of milk for infant-feeding, with special reference to tuberculosisBehring, Emil von
Science
The suppression of tuberculosis: $b Together with observations concerning phthisiogenesis in man and animals and suggestions concerning the hygiene of cow stables and the production of milk for infant-feeding, with special reference to tuberculosis
Behring, Emil von
Tuberculosis -- Prevention
7. The disinfecting of infected stables is to be done in accordance
with the government regulations.[8] [This refers to the German
regulations of June 23, 1880, and May 1, 1894.] Here it is to be
remarked that disinfection of the stables by means of formaldehyde
generation is not even then accomplished when one far exceeds the
requirements formulated by Flügge for the Breslau method. Utilizing the
opportunity presented by a number of courses given at Marburg in the
method of making protective inoculations, etc., we have found that even
in the stable of the pest laboratory here, which is very easily closed
off, the above-mentioned formaldehyde fumigation is ineffectual; for
by treating the disinfected objects with ammonia water it was found
that neither anthrax virus nor cocci, in the dry state, were certainly
destroyed by the fumigation.
8. More important than the disinfection by means of chemicals is the
prevention of the accumulation of infectious materials on the stable
utensils, in the food, on the body surface of the cattle, on the body
and clothing of the stablemen. Training the stablemen to the use of
warm or hot water and soap; the use of towels and dishcloths which
have been rendered germ-free by means of hot water or dry heat before
throwing them among the soiled clothes; special regard to a rational
care of the milker’s hands, including the removal of the dirt under the
nails; all of these are the most important measures for the prevention
and suppression of stable infection.
9. If it is desired to secure a milk as free from dirt and germs as
possible (not over 400 germs per c.c.), the following additional
measures must be taken:
I. Presupposing that the milk is to be used for infant-feeding, the
same is to be filled into bottles holding 250 to 500 c.c. All parts of
the bottle, including the air-tight and germ-tight closing contrivance,
must be constructed so as to be readily cleansed, and further, so that
they can, without injury, be sterilized by heat.
II. In order to meet all the requirements for cleansing and sterilizing
milk-bottles, the following rules are recommended. The bottles returned
by the consumers are in a soiled condition and contain fluid remnants
of milk:
(_a_) The cleansing of the bottles should be undertaken in a
well-ventilated room which can readily be kept clean and which
may also serve as the bottling room. This room is to be so
separated from the stables that the stable odors cannot gain
access.
(_b_) The following manipulations are required to clean the
bottles:
(α) Energetic rinsing with 10% warm soda solution.
(β) Rinsing with quartz gravel by means of a stream of hot
water.
(γ) Cold rinsing.
(δ) Sterilization in the dry chamber. These cleansing
manipulations occupy about forty-five minutes.
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