The Swastika, the Earliest Known Symbol, and Its Migration: With Observations on the Migration of Certain Industries in Prehistoric TimesWilson, Thomas
Religion
The Swastika, the Earliest Known Symbol, and Its Migration: With Observations on the Migration of Certain Industries in Prehistoric Times
Wilson, Thomas
Industries, Primitive; Swastikas; Symbolism
A consensus of the opinions of antiquarians is that the Swastika had no
foothold among the Egyptians. Prof. Max Müller is of this opinion, as is
also Count Goblet d'Alviella.[162]
Waring[163] says:
The only sign approaching the fylfot in Egyptian hieroglyphics that we
have met is shown in fig. 3, pl. 41, where it forms one of the
hieroglyphs of Isis, but is not very similar to our fylfot.
Mr. Greg says:[164] "In Egypt the fylfot does not occur." Many other
authors say the same. Yet many specimens of the Swastika have been found
in Egypt (figs. 130 to 136). Professor Goodyear[165] says:
The earliest dated Swastikas are of the third millenium B. C., and
occur on the foreign Cyprian and Carian (?) pottery fragments of the
time of the twelfth dynasty (in Egypt), discovered by Mr. Flinders
Petrie in 1889. (Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara, pl. 27, Nos. 162 and 173.)
[Illustration: Fig. 130. GREEK VASE SHOWING DEER, GEESE, AND SWASTIKAS.
Naukratis, Ancient Egypt. Sixth and fifth centuries, B. C. Petrie, Third
Memoir, Egypt Exploration Fund, part 1, pl. 4, fig. 3, and Goodyear,
"Grammar of the Lotus," pl. 60, fig. 2.]
[Illustration: Fig. 130_a_. DETAIL OF VASE SHOWN IN THE PRECEDING FIGURE.]
_Naukratis._--Figs. 130 to 135, made after illustrations in Mr. W.
Flinders Petrie's Third Memoir of the Egypt Exploration Fund (Pt. 1),
found by him in Naukratis, all show unmistakable Swastikas. It should be
explained that these are said to be Greek vases which have been imported
into Egypt. So that, while found in Egypt and so classed geographically,
they are not Egyptian, but Greek.
_Coptos (Achmim-Panopolis)._--Within the past few years great
discoveries have been made in Upper Egypt, in Sakkarah, Fayum, and Achmim,
the last of which was the ancient city of Panopolis. The inhabitants of
Coptos and the surrounding or neighboring cities were Christian Greeks,
who migrated from their country during the first centuries of our era and
settled in this land of Egypt. Strabo mentions these people and their
ability as weavers and embroiderers. Discoveries have been made of their
cemeteries, winding sheets, and grave clothes. These clothes have been
subjected to analytic investigation, and it is the conclusion of M.
Gerspach, the administrator of the national manufactory of the Gobelin
tapestry, Paris,[166] that they were woven in the same way as the
Gobelins, and that, except being smaller, they did not differ essentially
from them. He adds:
These Egyptian tapestries and those of the Gobelins are the result of
work which is identical except in some secondary details, so that I
have been able, without difficulty, to reproduce these Coptic
tapestries in the Gobelin manufactory.
[Illustration: Fig. 131. POTTERY FRAGMENTS WITH TWO MEANDER SWASTIKAS.
Naukratis, Ancient Egypt. Petrie, Third Memoir of the Egyptian Exploration
Fund, part 1, pl. 5, figs. 15, 24.]
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