The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664 — John Shaqi
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664Johnson, Amandus
History
The Swedes on the Delaware, 1638-1664
Johnson, Amandus
Delaware River Valley (N.Y.-Del. and N.J.) -- History; New Sweden -- History; Swedes -- United States
It was Minuit’s intention to settle a large number of Dutch colonists
in New Sweden, but his idea died with him. A similar plan, however,
originated from another direction. “Certain people in Utrecht, seeing
that the burdens on the land fell heavier for every year and that
the farmer could hardly meet his expenses”, determined to go to New
Netherland, but satisfactory terms could not be arranged with the
Dutch West India Company. It was then decided to seek permission to
locate in New Sweden under a so-called _Patronat_ government.
Several influential stockholders of the Dutch company, interested in
the Utrecht people, applied as patrons, through Blommaert, to the
Swedish government for necessary rights and privileges. As there was
great delay in Sweden a special agent, Joost van Bogaert, was sent to
Stockholm to lay the matter before the council of state. On January
24, 1640, a charter was finally issued by the government. The original
draft was made out to Godard van Reede, Heer van der Nederhorst; but
his name was later withdrawn and Hendrik Hooghkamer’s substituted in
its place. The charter stated that the colony should be placed on the
west side of the South River at least “four or five common German
miles” (about twenty English miles) above Fort Christina; that is to
say about four to nine miles below Philadelphia. The patrons should be
granted as much land on both sides of the river as was necessary for
their settlement, on the condition, however, that it be improved within
ten years. If the lands at first chosen proved unsatisfactory, other
places could be selected with the consent of the Swedish governor. The
_patrons_, their associates and their posterity, should enjoy and
possess “for ever as an allodial or hereditary property” all fisheries,
woods, minerals, springs and other natural resources, as well as “wind
mills and other such advantages and utilities”, which were already
found there or would be established. They were granted the right to
found all kinds of manufactories; they could carry on commerce, and,
with ships built in New Sweden, they were at liberty to trade in the
West Indies, on the coast of Africa and in the Mediterranean Sea.
They were assured religious liberty, but were admonished to avoid all
strife and unnecessary disputes. They were under obligation to support
as many ministers of the gospel and school masters as the number of
inhabitants made necessary, and they should especially appoint persons,
who had the conversion of the poor pagans at heart. They were granted
authority to exercise “higher and lower justice in their district”, to
establish and issue statutes and ordinances, to appoint magistrates and
officers, and to “use the titles and coat-of-arms of their colony” on
all official documents; but they were to acknowledge the jurisdiction
and sovereignty of the Swedish crown and of the governor of New Sweden,
and all statutes and laws passed by them were to be approved by the
aforesaid governor.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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