Nature of the Reformation in Europe.--Cause of the Reformation in Sweden.--The Debt to Lubeck.--Riches of the Church.--Relations of Gustavus to the Pope.--Johannes Magni.--New Taxation.--Dissension among the People.--Opposition of Gustavus to the Pope.--Trial of Peder Sunnanväder.--Expedition against Gotland.--Repudiation of the "Klippings."--Berent von Mehlen.--Negotiations between Fredrik and Norby.--Congress of Malmö.--Efforts to appease the People.--Lutheranism.--Olaus Petri.--Laurentius Andreæ.--Brask's Efforts to repress Heresy.--Religious Tendencies of Gustavus.--Character of Brask. 118 CHAPTER VI. RELIGIOUS DISCORD AND CIVIL WAR. 1524-1525. Riot of the Anabaptists.--Contest between Olaus Petri and Peder Galle.--Marriage of Petri.--Conspiracy of Norby; of Christina Gyllenstjerna; of Mehlen; of Sunnanväder.--Attitude of Fredrik to Gustavus.--Proposition of Gustavus to resign the Crown.--Norby's Incursion into Bleking.--Surrender of Visby.--Flight of Mehlen.--Fall of Kalmar. 165 CHAPTER VII. DEALINGS WITH FOREIGN POWERS. 1525-1527. Negotiations between Fredrik and Gustavus.--Treachery of Norby.--Sunnanväder and the Cabinet of Norway.--Overthrow and Death of Norby.--Trial and Execution of Knut and Sunnanväder.--Debt to Lubeck.--Treaty with Russia; with the Netherlands.--Dalarne and the Lubeck Envoys.--Swedish Property in Denmark.--Province of Viken.--Refugees in Norway. 190 CHAPTER VIII. INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION. 1525-1527. Nature of the Period.--Translation of the Bible.--Quarrel between the King and Brask.--Opposition to the Monasteries.--High-handed Measures of the King.--Second Disputation between Petri and Galle.--Opposition to Luther's Teaching.--Banishment of Magni.--Further Opposition to the Monasteries.--Revolt of the Dalesmen.--Diet of Vesterås.--"Vesterås Recess."--"Vesterås Ordinantia."--Fall of Brask; his Flight; his Character. 220 CHAPTER IX. CORONATION OF THE KING. 1528. Reasons for Delay of the Coronation.--Preparations for the Ceremony.--Consecration of the Bishops.--Coronation Festival.--Retrospect of the Revolution.--Character of Gustavus. 268 BIBLIOGRAPHY 277 INDEX 293 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Seal of Bishop Brask. Bears the inscription: S[IGILLVM] IOH[ANN]IS DEI GRA[CIA] EPI[SCOPI] LINCOPENSIS 103 "Klipping" issued by Gustavus Vasa in 1521 or 1522. On one side, the bust of a man in armor. On the other, crowns and arrows, with the inscription: ERI[KS]SO[N] 107