The trend of events is towards a peaceable settlement of international differences. National temperaments are being levelled by the ease of intercourse. The world is more and more assimilating to a condition like that of a great family, in which the individual nations, as members, are linked together by interests, which disputes ending in wars only impair and cannot benefit. The principle in early Roman law was that every stranger is a public enemy. The opposite prevails to-day with civilized peoples, that the normal relation between nations is one of peace and friendship. Unconquerable time itself works on increasingly, bringing the nations nearer to one another in the natural and orderly development of close international intercourse, strengthening the community of mankind. A deep meaning and philosophic truth is contained in the words of Vattel, “International justice is the daughter of economic calculations.” These international unions are most powerful auxiliaries in removing the hinderances that lie between nations; through them the lesson is being objectively taught that great nations are so dependent upon each other, that any disturbance in a particular one is felt by the others, and that when their friendly relations are interrupted, the civilized world suffers. Through this influence nations are beginning to take a wider view of their mutual duties and relations, and appeal to reason and conscience in international dealings finds a response and an application which could not have been expected earlier. These unions generate a spirit that turns its regard to the circuit of the globe, and to an inspiration in which international relations obtain a higher form and a more assured security, with no purpose to interfere with particular states or their complete autonomous organism, or to oppress nations, but the better to secure the peace of the one and the freedom of the other. The best human arrangements cannot completely insure the world against civil war. This ideal can be only approximated. It would be vain to look for a political millennium, for a time when the “only battle-field will be the market open to commerce and the mind open to new ideas,” when nations shall enjoy the boundless blessings offered them in the perfect freedom of human industry and in the reign of a perpetual peace,-- “When the war-drum throbs no longer and the battle-flags are furled In the parliament of man, the federation of the world.”