understood. The hand then is laid on because it is sent forth imbued with the gifts of the Holy Ghost to perform the works of Christ. 15. Sixthly, with respect to the unction of bishops and of temporal princes, it is to be known that the former hath derived its origin from the Old Testament. For in the 21st chapter of Leviticus the high priest is said to be he 'upon whose head the anointing oil is poured,' [Footnote 510] and whose hands were consecrated in priesthood. A bishop, however, is anointed with chrism, which (as we said before) is composed of oil and balsam; and he is anointed therewith both outwardly, and inwardly in his heart, in order that by the inward oil he have a clear conscience towards God, and by the outward oil may have the odour of good report towards his neighbour: which is {142} denoted by the balsam. The Apostle saith of a clear conscience, 'For our rejoicing is this the testimony of our conscience.' [Footnote 511] 'For the king's daughter is all glorious within,' [Footnote 512] that is, her glory proceedeth from within. Concerning the odour of a good report the same Apostle saith, 'For in every place we are unto God a sweet savour of Christ,' that is, an example and imitation, and, 'to some we are the savour of life unto life,' etc., [Footnote 513] as if he had said, we are an example of love and a good opinion leading unto eternal life, 'and to others a savour of death unto death,' that is, of hatred and evil opinion leading unto eternal death. [Footnote 510: Leviticus xxi, 10.] [Footnote 511: 2 Corinthians i, 12.] [Footnote 512: Psalm xlv (_Eructavit cor meum_), 14.] [Footnote 513: 2 Corinthians ii, 15.] 16. For a bishop ought to have in himself 'a good report' both of them which are within and 'them which are without'; [Footnote 514] so that one curtain, that is, the faithful, may draw on the other curtain, that is, the unbeliever, namely, unto belief; [Footnote 515] and 'he that heareth,' namely, by learning and believing, 'say, come,' [Footnote 516] namely, by preaching and teaching. With this unguent be the head and hands of a bishop consecrated: for by the head is understood the mind, as the gospel saith, 'anoint,' [Footnote 517] that is, humble, 'thy head, and wash thy face,' that is, thy conscience, namely, with tears: by the hands be denoted good works, as is said in the Canticles, 'my hands,' that is, my good works, 'dropped with myrrh,' that is, gave to others a good example. [Footnote 518] [Footnote 514: I Timothy iii, 7.] [Footnote 515: There appears to be here some mystical reference to the coupling of the curtains of the tabernacle. See Exod. xxvi.] [Footnote 516: Apocalypse xxii, 17.] [Footnote 517: S. Matthew vi, 17.] [Footnote 518: Canticles v, 5.]